• HVYSNOW: Probabilistic Heavy Snow And Icing Discussion

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 4 07:49:31 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 040749
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    249 AM EST Wed Mar 4 2026

    Valid 12Z Wed Mar 04 2026 - 12Z Sat Mar 07 2026

    ...Northeast...
    Day 2...

    A potent mid-level shortwave (currently over the Rockies) will
    eject east-northeast out of the Midwest and weaken as it rides the
    quasi-zonal flow into the Northeast. A trailing axis of confluence
    over Atlantic Canada with a strong 1038+ mb surface ridge migrating
    east out of Central Canada will set the stage for a mixed ptype
    event as cold air remains entrenched over areas along and north of
    I-90. Cold air damming, aided by a cold front from the Great Lakes
    to Nova Scotia, will favor freezing rain as the precipitation mode
    though some light snow is possible over New Hampshire into
    southwestern Maine, which will be fully into the colder airmass.
    Precipitation starting Thursday evening will continue through
    Friday as the shortwave and associated weak area of surface low
    pressure races eastward into the Atlantic. WPC probabilities for
    at least 0.10 inch icing are moderate (40-70%) over the southern
    Green Mountains and Berkshires as well as across southern New
    Hampshire (Monadnocks) into the Worcester Hills. Probabilities for
    at least 0.25 inch icing is highest (20-40%) over the southern
    Greens and Berkshires. Lighter icing (>0.01") is probable for much
    of the Adirondacks and Catskills across Vermont and New Hampshire
    into northern CT/RI.


    ...Pacific Northwest, Great Basin, and Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    A mature system in the Gulf of Alaska weakening early this morning
    will shunt a southern mid- level trough into the Pac NW today,
    carrying a potent cold front ashore. A surge of modest moisture
    and IVT, coupled with snow levels initially around 5000-6000ft,
    will limit impacts. However, post- FROPA, snow levels will fall to
    around 4000ft today then to near 3000ft Thursday as precipitation
    becomes much lighter. Snow will spread eastward to the Northern
    Rockies (northern ID to northwestern MT) early this morning then
    to the Great Basin late this afternoon into Thursday as the upper
    trough moves into southwestern OR. Snow could be heavy at times
    near/above pass level as snow levels fall across the Cascades
    today and then again tomorrow evening as the upper trough moves
    through WA/OR. On Thursday, the trough will dig into Utah which
    will enhance snowfall into the Uintas, WY ranges, and into the CO
    Rockies, favoring upslope regions with ranges oriented
    perpendicular to the northwesterly flow. Snow levels will continue
    to fall across the region, initially around 7000ft in WY/CO late
    Thursday but dropping to below 5000ft early Friday. This may
    bring some lighter snow to areas east of the Front Range and High
    Plains, including from eastern CO and southeast WY to western NE
    and central SD.

    WPC days 1-2 probabilities for at least 8 inches of snow are >50%
    over the WA/OR Cascades, generally above 4000-5000ft. Plowable snow
    (at least a few inches) is likely (>95% chance) around Snoqualmie
    Pass. To the east, WPC probabilities through day 3 for at least 8
    inches of snow are >50% above 5000-6000ft or so over the Blue
    Mountains, central ID ranges, western/southwestern MT, northern NV
    ranges, Uintas/Wasatch, and into the Wind River, Laramie, Park
    Range, and Medicine Bow ranges. Maximum snowfall amounts of 1 to 2
    feet can be expected in the highest peaks of these mountain ranges.


    ...Central/Northern Plains and Upper Midwest...
    Day 3...

    More uncertainty regarding QPF and ptype exists throughout
    the central/northern Plains and Upper Midwest on day 3 (12z Fri.
    to 12z Sat.) as this system ejects eastward. Although less likely
    at the moment, should a stronger shortwave eject northeastward
    across the Plains on Friday and spawn a deeper surface low along
    the advancing cold front, a band of heavy snow is possible.
    However, the GFS remains alone in this higher end scenario.
    Current WPC probabilities for at least 2 inches of snow are low
    (20-40%) from western NE to northern MN.


    Snell/Fracasso




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 4 18:39:56 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 041839
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    139 PM EST Wed Mar 4 2026

    Valid 00Z Thu Mar 05 2026 - 00Z Sun Mar 08 2026

    ...Northeast...
    Day 2...

    A weakening mid-level shortwave over the central Plains will
    continue eastward as it rides the quasi-zonal flow into the
    Northeast by early Friday. A cold front will slip southward into
    New England tomorrow with a strong 1038+ mb surface high in its
    wake, anchoring in cold surface temperatures for at least central
    and northern New England. This will set the stage for a mixed ptype
    event focused over areas along and north of I-90 with at least
    some icing likely north and south of this region. Freezing rain
    will be the precipitation mode overall, though some light snow
    (1-3") is likely over Vermont/New Hampshire into southwestern
    Maine, which will be fully into the colder airmass. Precipitation
    starting Thursday evening will continue through Friday as the
    shortwave and associated weak area of surface low pressure races
    eastward into the Atlantic. Precipitation should end from west to
    east Friday afternoon. WPC probabilities for at least 0.10 inch
    icing are >50% over the southern Adirondacks, southern Green
    Mountains and Berkshires, as well as across the Worcester Hills.
    Probabilities for at least 0.25 inch icing are highest (30-60%)
    over the Berkshires and Worcester Hills. Lighter icing (>0.01") is
    probable for much of the Adirondacks and Catskills across Vermont
    and New Hampshire into northern CT/RI.


    ...Pacific Northwest, Great Basin, and Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    A potent cold front has moved ashore with a surge of modest
    moisture and IVT across the Great Basin/Rockies and lowering snow
    levels in its wake. Impacts over the Cascades will increase to
    lower elevations as snow levels fall to near 3000ft
    overnight/Thursday as precipitation becomes much lighter. This will
    impact many of the passes, including Snoqualmie, where the
    probability of at least a few inches is >90%. Snow will continue to
    spread through the Rockies and Great Basin overnight as the upper
    trough reaches the NV/UT border early Thursday. Tomorrow, the
    trough will dig into Utah which will enhance snowfall into the
    Uintas, WY ranges, and into the CO Rockies, favoring upslope
    regions with ranges oriented perpendicular to the northwesterly
    flow. Additional snow is likely to the north over MT where 1-2"/hr
    rates are possible tomorrow. Snow levels will continue to fall
    across the region, initially around 7000ft in WY/CO late Thursday
    but dropping to below 5000ft early Friday. This may bring some
    lighter snow to valley locations in the interior Rockies as well as
    areas east of the Front Range and to the High Plains (including
    from eastern CO and southeast WY to western NE and central SD).

    WPC days 1-2 probabilities for at least 8 inches of snow are >50%
    over the WA/OR Cascades, generally above 4000-5000ft. To the east,
    WPC probabilities through day 3 for at least 8 inches of snow are
    50% above 5000-6000ft or so over the Blue Mountains, central ID
    ranges, western/southwestern MT, northeastern NV ranges,
    Uintas/Wasatch, and into the Wind River, Laramie, Park Range, and
    Medicine Bow ranges. Maximum snowfall amounts of 1 to 2 feet can be
    expected in the highest peaks of these mountain ranges. Lower
    elevation/valley snow amounts will generally be in the T-2" range,
    including Salt Lake City, Moab, and Grand Junction, though Denver
    may see >1" (50% chance).


    ...Central/Northern Plains and Upper Midwest...
    Day 3...

    The trough will eject in multiple parts onto the Northern Plains
    Friday into Saturday, with marginal temperatures beneath the area
    of precipitation on the northwest side of low pressure moving into
    the Corn Belt. Uncertainty remains high in QPF amounts, placement,
    and ptype, though the potential exists for a band of at least
    modest snow from central SD northeastward to northern MN. For now,
    WPC probabilities for at least 4 inches of snow are no higher than
    about 10% and are only 10-25% for at least 2 inches of snow.


    Fracasso/Snell


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 5 08:57:24 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 050857
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    357 AM EST Thu Mar 5 2026

    Valid 12Z Thu Mar 05 2026 - 12Z Sun Mar 08 2026

    ...Northeast...
    Days 1/2...

    Shortwave low over IA early this morning will further weaken into a
    trough as it shifts to the eastern Great Lakes today and over
    central New England tonight. A 1040mb high over Quebec retains a
    wedge of cold air over New England through the Hudson Valley. Warm
    air advection ahead of the low overruns the cold setting up mixed
    precip and some all snow well into the cold sector. Snow probs are
    quite limited, generally around 20% for >2" over southern NH and
    far southern Maine which depends on how far precip can shift into
    the dry high. Otherwise, it's ice glaze potential from the
    Catskills, Berkshires into the Litchfield Hills and over the
    Worcester Hills where Day 1 probs for >0.25" are 20-60%. Plenty of
    precip occurs with this system, so it will come down to surface
    temperatures and efficiency of freezing rain with rate and wind
    factoring in. As of now the potential for 0.5" ice is limited to
    the Berkshires where the PWPF is around 10%.


    ...Cascades through the Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    A trough over Nevada this morning will dig down to AZ today and
    promote lee-side sfc cyclogenesis over eastern CO tonight. In the
    meantime, broad upper troughing over the northeast Pacific with low
    pressure over central AK will direct a plume of Pacific moisture
    across the NW on northwesterly flow.

    Areas east of the trough axis will see moderate precip rates today with
    lower snow levels around 4000ft over the UT/eastern ID ranges up
    through western MT and western WY ranges. Onshore flow and snow
    levels around 3500ft brings snow to the WA Cascades today. Day 1
    PWPF >6" are 50-90% in southwest MT ranges and 40-80% from
    northwest MT through the UT Ranges and up through the Bighorns in
    WY.

    The central Rockies get the focus late tonight through Friday with
    the lee-side low bringing some Pacific and west Gulf moisture back
    over the CO Rockies. Day 2 PWPF for >6" are 40-80% over most of the
    CO and southern WY Rockies which will be quite welcome. The snow
    focus shifts to the Plains by late Friday night.


    ...Central/Northern Plains and Upper Midwest...
    Days 2/3...

    A trough over Nevada this morning will dig down to AZ today,
    promote lee-side sfc cyclogenesis over eastern CO tonight that
    tracks over Iowa and Wisconsin Friday and northern Michigan early
    Saturday. The strength of this low is the main point of uncertainty
    with deeper solutions from the GFS and AiGFS (and now somewhat the
    00Z CMC) develop a TROWAL band from western Nebraska through MN
    while weaker solutions like the EC have only minor fgen banding on
    the back side. WPC QPF favors decent fgen banding which would set
    up some overrunning and a swath of wintry mix along with snow
    banding. Day 2 PWPF for >4" are limited by the model variance with 20%
    in western Neb and 5% in central SD. However, probs for >2" are 10%
    or higher from western Neb through northern MN. Given the banding
    potential and motion along banding orientation, some heavy snow is
    possible in narrow swaths west of the low track.


    Jackson


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 5 19:05:17 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 051905
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    205 PM EST Thu Mar 5 2026

    Valid 00Z Fri Mar 06 2026 - 00Z Mon Mar 09 2026

    ...Northeast...
    Days 1/2...

    Shortwave low over IA early this morning will further weaken into
    a trough as it shifts to the eastern Great Lakes today and over
    central New England tonight. A 1040mb high over Quebec retains a
    wedge of cold air over New England through the Hudson Valley. Warm
    air advection ahead of the low overruns the cold setting up mixed
    precip and some all snow well into the cold sector. Snow probs are
    quite limited, generally around 20% for >2" over southern NH and
    far southern Maine which depends on how far precip can shift into
    the dry high. Otherwise, it's ice glaze potential from the
    Catskills, Berkshires into the Litchfield Hills and over the
    Worcester Hills where Day 1 probs for >0.25" are 20-60%. Plenty of
    precip occurs with this system, so it will come down to surface
    temperatures and efficiency of freezing rain with rate and wind
    factoring in. As of now the potential for 0.5" ice is limited to
    the Berkshires where the PWPF is around 10%.


    ...Cascades through the Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    A digging trough over Utah this evening will dig down to AZ
    tonight and promote lee-side sfc cyclogenesis over eastern CO
    tonight (see next section for that portion of the system).
    Concurrently, building ridging in the northeast Pacific will favor northwesterly flow into the Pac NW which will continue some light
    to modest snow for the Cascades eastward to ID and western MT which
    will continue in waves through Sunday. WPC probabilities for at
    least 8 inches of snow are >50% above about 5000ft over the
    Cascades to the central ID ranges and western/southwestern Montana.

    The upper trough will focus some locally heavier snow (1-2"/hr
    rates) over the Uintas into Colorado as the low moves eastward
    directly over central CO before weakening and stretching
    northeastward over the Plains tomorrow evening. WPC probabilities
    for at least 8 inches of snow are >50% above about 8000-9000ft. The
    highest totals >12-18 inches are likely in the San Juans and at
    elevations > 10,000ft.


    ...Central/Northern Plains and Upper Midwest...
    Days 1-2...

    Continuation of the upper trough/low over the Rockies will promote
    lee-side sfc cyclogenesis over eastern CO tonight that tracks over
    Iowa and Wisconsin Friday and northern Michigan early Saturday.
    Guidance remains uncertain in the strength of this low (e.g., GFS
    stronger and farther northwest) and any potential TROWAL
    development contingent upon said strengthening. Middle ground
    approach, for now, yields generally light snow for the Northern
    Plains to the Upper Midwest but likely with an area of higher
    totals via banding and enhanced FGEN in the region despite the
    marginal temperatures. Individual 12Z CAM guidance shows some
    spotty 4-6" amounts between northern NE through SD to northern MN
    but others show next to nothing. WPC probabilities for at least 4
    inches of snow remain low (10% or less) but the area bears
    watching.


    Mullinax/Fracasso



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 6 09:05:51 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 060905
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    405 AM EST Fri Mar 6 2026

    Valid 12Z Fri Mar 06 2026 - 12Z Mon Mar 09 2026


    ...Rockies, Central/Northern Plains and Upper Midwest...
    Days 1-2...

    Full-latitude trough with the axis approaching the Four Corners
    early this morning will continue to promote lee-side cyclogenesis
    from the southern High Plains up through western/central KS and
    eastern Neb/western Iowa today. Pacific and western Gulf moisture
    wrapping around the lee-side low will continue across the CO
    Rockies which are under the trough today with snow levels dropping
    to around 5000ft. Day 1 snow probs for >6" additional snow after
    12Z are 40-90% across the CO Rockies and the higher ranges through
    central WY.

    Those low snow levels will allow snow accumulation on the central
    High Plains this afternoon west of the low track. Decent TROWAL
    development from the strengthening low will allow fgen bands of
    snow to form, first over the Denver metro, then extending northeast
    from there across western Neb up into SD today. 00Z HREF mean snow
    rate reaches 1"/hr over the Palmer Divide this afternoon and over
    the eastern edge of the Neb Panhandle this evening.
    Filling/weakening of the low then brings down the banded snow
    threat for eastern SD and southern MN overnight. However,
    redevelopment as the low approaches Lake Superior brings about
    renewed banded snow threats to the northern WI/MN border, far
    northern WI, and the western U.P. late tonight into Saturday. Day 2
    snow probs for >2" are limited to around the Porcupine Mtns into
    the Keweenaw Peninsula.

    Mixed precip is expected near the low track today with Day 1 PWPF
    for >0.1" ice 20-40% over southwestern to central MN.


    ...Northeast...
    Days 1/2...

    Shortwave trough over lower Upstate NY early this morning shifts
    off Cape Cod by midday with ongoing freezing rain NW of Boston
    lingering this morning. WAA ahead of the low crossing northern MI
    tonight brings light precip to northern New England late tonight
    into Saturday. Residual cold surface air brings a freezing rain
    threat to the White Mtns of NH through western/northern Maine. Day
    1.5 PWPF for >0.1" is 40-70% through this region.


    ...WA Cascades...
    Day 3...

    Powerful shortwave trough rounding a southern AK low directs
    elevated Pacific moisture through WA on Sunday. Snow levels rise on
    the WA Cascades to around 5000ft Saturday night before dropping to
    around 4000ft Sunday under height falls. Day 3 PWPF for >6" snow is
    40-80% above Snoqualmie Pass level on the northern WA Cascades.


    Jackson



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 6 19:07:20 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 061907
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    207 PM EST Fri Mar 6 2026

    Valid 00Z Sat Mar 07 2026 - 00Z Tue Mar 10 2026


    ...Rockies, Central/Northern Plains and Upper Midwest...
    Day 1...

    A complex evolution of the longwave trough is unfolding this
    afternoon as an embedded shortwave trough currently over the CO
    Rockies will head northeast and become the primary feature in
    producing snow and ice over the Midwest. Snow will continue to fall
    over the CO Rockies this afternoon and early evening, but taper off
    by Saturday morning as the 500mb shortwave departs. A 300mb jet
    streak aloft will place its diffluent right-entrance region over
    the Central Plains and Upper Midwest this afternoon and into
    tonight as anomalous PWATs stream out ahead of the trough. Narrow
    stripes of 850mb and 700mb FGEN are expected to orient themselves
    in a SW-NE fashion from the Denver metro area and western NE to as
    far north and east as northern MN this afternoon and overnight.
    Some CAMs are showing the potential for up to 1"/hr snowfall rates
    in these areas through this evening, along with modest over-running
    at low-levels that causes freezing rain across northeast NE,
    eastern SD, northwest IA, and into both MN and the western Great
    Lakes. As surface low pressure deepens over WI Saturday morning,
    banded snow will persist over central MN and the MN Arrowhead with
    an icy wintry mix that is likely to impact the Twin Cities and
    parts of MI's Upper Peninsula (U.P.). The U.P. will transition to
    snow late morning and taper off by sunset.

    WPC probabilities show a narrow area of moderate-to-high chances
    (50-70%) for over 2" of snowfall from northeast CO on north and
    east into west-central NE. There some some models members that show
    the potential for >4" accumulations within this band of snow, which
    could expand into southeast SD and central MN as well. The WSSI
    does depict Minor Impacts from the Denver metro area from ongoing
    snow this afternoon into western NE and southern SD. Meanwhile, ice
    will become more problematic from NE's Sand Hills on north and east
    through eastern SD and central MN given moderate-to-high chances
    (50-80%) for ice accumulations over one-hundreth of an inch.
    Southwest MN sports low-to-moderate chances (30-50%) for ice
    amounts over one-tenth on an inch. Expect hazardous travel
    conditions, particularly tonight and early Saturday morning. Most
    roads should quickly improve by midday as the surface temps warm
    above freezing for many (exceptions northern MN and the U.P. of MI)
    and the higher March sun angle forces most roadways to melt any
    lingering ice that is exposed to sunlight.


    ...WA Cascades & Lewis Range...
    Days 2-3...

    Early Sunday morning will mark the the arrival of the next slug of
    Pacific moisture that supports periods of snow in the Cascades and
    the Lewis Range. Not only will there be a moisture supply amidst
    westerly upslope flow, but falling 500-700mb heights and a cold
    frontal passage will force higher snow levels to drop below 3,00f0t
    in the northern WA Cascades, and to as low as 4,000ft in the
    southern WA Cascades. Farther east, snow levels initially over
    6,000ft in elevation Saturday night will drop to as low as 5,000ft
    in the Lewis Range and Glacier Nat'l Park. Any higher, more remote
    elevation snowfall Saturday night will descend to pass level in the
    Cascades on Sunday with high chances (>70%) for snowfall totals
    6" over Snoqualmie Pass through Sunday afternoon. There are low-
    chances (10-30%) for as much as 12" around Snoqualmie pass as well,
    indicating there is a more snowy and impactful scenario at play for
    the pass. In the Lewis Range, WPC probabilities show moderate-to-
    high chances (50-70%) for snowfall totals >4" with low chances
    (10-30%) for isolated amounts over 12" in the more remote peaks.
    The WSSI-P between 00Z Sun - 00Z Mon depicts moderate-to-high
    chances (50-80%) for Minor Impacts from Snoqualmie Pass on north
    through the northern WA Cascades, while Glacier Nat'l Park
    elevations over 6,000ft sport moderate chances (40-60%) for Minor
    Impacts.


    Mullinax




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 7 08:53:28 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 070853
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    353 AM EST Sat Mar 7 2026

    Valid 12Z Sat Mar 07 2026 - 12Z Tue Mar 10 2026


    ...Upper Midwest...
    Day 1...

    Surface low center tracks northeast from WI early this morning
    across northern MI through midday. Strung out comma head fgen
    banding over southern MN lifts northeast across northern WI and the
    western U.P. this morning. Right entrance jet dynamics aid lift and
    allow snow rates around 0.5"/hr per 00Z HREF around 12Z in the
    Bayfield area of WI and along the western U.P. shore/Porcupine
    Mtns. Snow lifts northeast of the Keweenaw Peninsula by noon.


    ...New Hampshire and Maine...
    Day 1...

    Warm air advection rain ahead of a trough is currently entering
    western NY. This shifts to the White Mtns of NH and Maine later
    this morning where subfreezing temps persist inland from the coast
    as high pressure continues to retreat over Atlantic Canada. Day 1
    PWPF for >0.1" are 20-30% in the interior terrain of Maine and the
    White Mtns of NH.


    ...Washington to Northern Rockies...
    Days 2-3...

    A trough shifts over the Gulf of Alaska today before digging south
    down the BC coast through Monday. A tight baroclinic zone
    accompanies this trough with a powerful onshore jet and enhanced
    moisture that pushes into Washington early Sunday. Snow levels
    around 6000ft in the moisture surge Sunday morning steadily
    decrease through Sunday night, reaching around 500ft by 12Z
    Monday. Will need to monitor precip likelihood for the Seattle
    metro given Olympic shadowing in the westerly flow, but there is a
    chance for snow down near sea level particularly (from a thermal
    perspective) Monday night.

    Otherwise it's terrain based snowfall late Sunday night through
    most if not all of next week. This streams east across NW MT where
    snow levels will be 1000ft or less starting Monday. Day 2 snow
    probs for >6" are 50-90% for the WA Cascades and the Lewis Range in
    Glacier NP. These probs expand down to Mt Hood for Day 3 and well
    below pass level on the WA Cascades. The axis shifts south a bit
    inland with Day 3 snow probs for >6" over the Bitterroots and
    northern Absarokas in the 30-60% range.


    Jackson



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 7 20:59:38 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 072059
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    359 PM EST Sat Mar 7 2026

    Valid 00Z Sun Mar 08 2026 - 00Z Wed Mar 11 2026

    ...Pacific Northwest...

    Days 1-3...

    A strong Eastern Pacific ridge axis over the Northwest is forecast
    to flatten tonight amid strong height-falls from a digging trough
    in the Gulf of Alaska. Accordingly, strong zonal onshore flow
    will set in across the Pacific Northwest by early tomorrow. As
    highlighted overnight, snow levels in the prefrontal airmass will
    be quite high to begin Sunday -- around 6-7000 feet, but should
    decrease to 500-1000 feet by Monday morning. Thus, snowfall in the
    Day 1 period should be relegated to the northern reaches of the
    Cascades, where the latest PWPF shows 60% probabilities for >4"
    atop Stevens Pass. The unsettled pattern will continue into next
    week as a digging jet-streak and shortwave approach on Monday,
    leading to renewed snowfall at and below pass level. By Days 2-3,
    snow probs for >6" are 50-90% for the WA Cascades and the Olympics.


    ...Northern Rockies to the Upper Midwest...

    Late Day 2-3...

    Snowfall is expected to expand along the northern flank of a
    developing lee-side low on Monday. A lingering Pacific moisture
    plume, superimposed with a corridor of 850-700 mb frontogenesis
    and right entrance ascent will lead to an east-west translating
    area of snowfall atop the Northern Plains and Upper Midwest. The
    progressive nature of this band should limit overall snowfall
    amounts however, evidenced by the latest PWPF which shows 20%
    probabilities of >4" in Northeast MN.

    Asherman/Jackson






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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 8 08:49:58 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 080849
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    449 AM EDT Sun Mar 8 2026

    Valid 12Z Sun Mar 08 2026 - 12Z Wed Mar 11 2026

    ...Pacific Northwest Through The Northern Rockies...

    Days 1-3...

    Deep mid-level low drifts southeast over the Gulf of Alaska today
    through Monday with the trough south of it digging across
    Washington with a strengthening zonal jet before stalling/lifting
    north through midweek. Snow levels over the WA Cascades drop
    through Monday morning from the current 6000ft to near sea level
    Monday/Monday night. The first slug of moisture from this system is
    currently pushing down the south end of Vancouver Island with
    higher elevation 1"/hr snow rates over the north WA Cascades per
    the 00Z HREF. Then renewed precip arrives this evening when snow
    levels dip below 3000ft/Snoqualmie Pass level and reach 1000ft or
    less by 12Z Mon. Onshore flow and precip persist pretty much
    through the rest of this week in western WA. Will need to continue
    to monitor Puget Sound convergence banding Monday night when snow
    levels approach sea level for accumulating snow potential in the
    greater Seattle metro. Otherwise, it's upslope based snow for the
    WA Cascades with and inland axis shifting south down the MT Rockies
    this afternoon through Monday with snow levels in the moderate
    precip rates generally 4000-6000ft. Day 1 snow probs for >6" are
    around 50% near Snoqualmie Pass and 50-80% in the higher NW MT
    Ranges including the Lewis and Bitterroots. Day 2 snow probs for
    8" are 60% near Snoqualmie Pass and 30-50% in the northern/Red
    Lodge Absarokas. Day 3 snow probs for >8" are 85% near Snoqualmie
    Pass and 30-60% in the Bighorns of northern WY.
    The prolonged duration of moderate to heavy snow for the WA
    Cascades at low snow levels through midweek will be quite
    remarkable.


    ...Northern Great Lakes...

    Day 3...

    A reinforcing trough rounding the Gulf of Alaska low today digs
    across WA late Monday where it begins to draw the cutoff low
    currently off the northern Baja Peninsula toward Texas. The sheared
    southern stream remnant trough and the northern stream trough from
    WA approach each other Tuesday night over the south-central Plains,
    promoting strong inverted troughing downstream across the Midwest.
    North of this trough axis will be overrunning precip with a
    transition from a wintry mix to snow. These defined ptype changes
    will need to be closely monitored as accumulating ice and snow are
    likely. Day 3 snow probs for >4" are 40% in the MN Arrowhead and
    30% in the western coastal U.P. South of this swath is the risk for
    freezing rain with probs for >0.1" currently 10-30% over the
    eastern U.P. and northern L.P. Since the low will track along/near
    the axis of the inverted trough, duration of wintry precip over the
    northern Great Lakes will persist into/through Wednesday, so stay
    tuned for updated location and magnitude forecasts for snow and
    ice.


    Jackson


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 8 19:24:37 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 081924
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    324 PM EDT Sun Mar 8 2026

    Valid 00Z Mon Mar 09 2026 - 00Z Thu Mar 12 2026

    ...Pacific Northwest Through The Northern Rockies...

    Days 1-3...

    An active period of winter weather is expected through mid-week as
    onshore flow persists through the period, culminating in a
    potentially long duration atmospheric river (AR) beginning on D3.

    The period begins with generally zonal mid-level flow encompassing
    the Pacific Northwest, spreading moisture onshore ahead of a cold
    front that will steadily drop southeast through Monday morning.
    This cold front will be suppressed by a strung out lobe of
    vorticity otherwise embedded within the zonal flow, and persistent
    850mb winds nearly orthogonal to the coast will help advect at
    least modest moisture onshore, with ascent into this plume aided by
    the cold front and the LFQ of an upper jet streak. Additionally,
    the orthogonal low-level winds will upslope favorably into the
    Olympics and Cascades to enhance precipitation in those ranges.

    While some moisture will additionally spill over into the Northern
    Rockies, the heaviest snowfall is expected farther west across the
    Pacific Northwest terrain. This is also where snow levels will
    become extremely low, falling to around 500 ft west of the WA
    Cascades, and as low as the surface to the east. Here, WPC
    probabilities D1 are high (>70%) for at least 6 inches of snow for
    the Olympics and WA Cascades, especially above 1000 ft, so
    significant impacts to pass-level travel is expected. While
    accumulations below 500 ft should be minimal, some lowland
    "conversational" snow is possible, which has been rare this winter.
    Additional modest accumulations are likely farther east as well,
    as reflected by WPC probabilities that reach as high as 50% for 6+
    inches near the Lewis Range of MT.

    Some modest wintry precipitation will continue into D2, but with
    lighter intensity and less coverage.

    During D3, however, the more significant event begins as the more
    notable AR spreads onshore. All local landfall tool probabilities
    (from CW3E) suggest a west-to-southwest AR with high probabilities
    80%) for at least 500 kg/m/s IVT coming onshore in southern WA
    late D3. This will be funneled eastward ahead of a cold front such
    that the highest IWV will be in a narrow channel that gradually
    sinks southward with time (possibly just beyond the current D3
    forecast period). Regardless, there is high confidence in this AR
    bring copious moisture onshore as reflected by NAEFS PW percentiles
    exceeding the 90th percentile by the end of the forecast period.
    Snow levels will climb briefly during the most intense period of AR
    conditions thanks to the accompanying WAA, but they start very low,
    around 1500 ft, so even the steady climb through 00Z/Thursday only
    rises snow levels to around 4000 ft. This suggests that the
    important passes will remain primarily snow through the event
    (since snow levels fall again into D4), and with prolonged IVT and
    pronounced upslope flow into the cold column, widespread and
    impactful heavy snow is likely to result.

    Current WPC probabilities D3 are already over 70% for 12+ inches in
    the Olympics and much of the WA Cascades, with high probabilities
    for 4+ inches expanding down into the Foothills. Moisture spilling
    over into the Northern Rockies will also cause heavy snowfall as
    reflected by WPC probabilities D3 that are as high as 30-70% for 6+
    inches. Additional snowfall is anticipated much of D4 as well as
    this prolonged event unfolds into the medium range period.


    ...Northern Plains to Northern Great Lakes...

    Day 3...

    A northern stream and southern stream trough will push east into
    the Plains Tuesday night, reflected by dual shortwaves advecting
    through the flow. Although these features are not progged to
    directly interact this forecast period, increasing downstream moist
    advection from the Gulf (and around the periphery of a southeast
    ridge) will spread impressive IVT (an AR) anti-cyclonically around
    the ridge to support expanding heavy precipitation from the
    Southern Plains into the Northern Plains and eastward towards the
    Great Lakes. This precipitation will be enhanced by a developing
    low pressure downstream of the northern stream trough (with ascent
    aided by a meridionally surging jet streak), and north of this
    surface low a mix of wintry precipitation types is expected.

    The amount and location of any significant accumulation of snow
    and/or ice is still uncertain due to considerable model spread.
    However, there is increasing confidence that a stripe of heavy
    snow will develop in response to overrunning/isentropic upglide
    northwest of a surface front from Minnesota through the U.P. of
    Michigan. Here, strong fgen, especially within the 700-600mb layer
    which intersects the DGZ, will drive a narrow corridor of heavy
    snowfall with rates potentially reaching 1"/hr at times. The
    heaviest snowfall is likely from just northeast of the Twin Cities
    through the eastern U.P. of MI where WPC probabilities for 4+
    inches of snow reach 10-50%, and locally 8+ inches of snowfall is
    possible in the higher elevations of the U.P.

    Farther south, a mixed of snow, sleet, and freezing rain will
    contribute to a strip of moderate ice accumulations. WPC
    probabilities for 0.01" of ice are above 30% from southern WI
    through the northern half of the L.P. of MI, with locally more than
    0.1" possible (30-50% chance) near the Tip of the Mitt.


    ...Northern New England...
    Day 3...

    A low pressure system emerging from the Great Lakes will track
    steadily northeast into Ontario by 00Z Thursday. Downstream of this
    low, a warm front will stretch ENE into New England, and then lift
    northward towards Canada as heights bulge over the area, and the
    accompanying WAA drives into the boundary. This synoptic evolution
    will occur downstream of an impressive trough axis digging through
    the middle of the country, with impressive IVT surging out of the
    Gulf to produce an atmospheric river (AR) around the periphery of
    the southeast ridge. This moisture will manifest as extreme PWs
    into New England (PW anomalies as much as +4 sigma) to expand
    precipitation into the area. While the column will generally be
    much too warm for wintry precipitation, mixed snow/sleet/freezing
    rain is likely along the international border with Canada, with the
    most significant accumulations likely in northern Maine. Here,
    WPC probabilities for at least 2" of snow are as high as 70-90% in
    far northern Maine, with probabilities above 10% for ice exceeding
    0.1" confined to the terrain of western ME.



    Weiss



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 9 09:11:09 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 090910
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    510 AM EDT Mon Mar 9 2026

    Valid 12Z Mon Mar 09 2026 - 12Z Thu Mar 12 2026

    ...Pacific Northwest Through The Northern Rockies...

    Days 1-3...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through this weekend with particularly low snow levels
    (especially for March) persisting into Wednesday.

    A powerful zonal jet south of a Gulf of Alaska low will continue to
    push across the WA/OR border as it continues to intensify to
    150kt+ through tonight. A tight baroclinic zone has established
    over central OR to southern MT with a moisture axis pushing across
    western WA with showery activity through this evening under a
    passing trough axis before tapering off under brief ridging
    overnight. This is the coldest portion of this storm, but precip
    should be pretty localized which may limit the snow coverage around
    the greater Seattle metro tonight as snow levels dip below 500ft
    MSL. Day 1 snow probs for >8" are over 50% above about 2000ft on
    the WA Cascades and around 30% in the Bitterroots and just south
    of Glacier NP.

    Snow levels then rise to 1500ft on the Cascades Tuesday as
    moisture content in the onshore flow increases along with snow
    rates. Day 2 snow probs for >8" are over 50% above about 2500ft on
    the WA Cascades and 40% for the Red Lodge/northern Absarokas and
    higher Bighorns.

    The next jet streak and onshore moisture surge increase is
    Wednesday, again right into western WA. Snow levels quickly rise
    above 3000ft Wednesday afternoon with high precip rates. Day 3 snow
    probs for >12" are over 50% above 3500ft and around 60% in the
    Bitterroots and Lewis Range. At least two more days of heavy
    mountain snow, so stay tuned for further details on that forecast.


    ...Northern Plains through the Northern Great Lakes...

    Days 2-3...

    A southern stream cutoff low off Baja will eject east and open into
    a trough before reaching TX Tuesday night. Considerable
    sub-tropical Pacific moisture will stream across Mexico and be
    joined by west Gulf moisture that surges up the Plains. Meanwhile a
    northern stream trough crosses the northern Rockies Tuesday with
    an inverted trough developing from the southern Plains to Chicago
    Tuesday night with surface low development over southeast MI early
    Wednesday. The surging moisture will wrap around the surface
    trough/developing low, forming a comma head and connecting fgen
    band over SD to southern MN Tuesday night. North of the low track
    expect swaths of wintry mix before being all snow over far northern
    WI and the U.P. Confidence is rising on a dry slot extending
    through this wintry mix zone which complicates the QPF in this
    case. There is decent storm track and QPF coverage from the 00Z
    AIGFS/EC-AIFS and GFS on heavy banded snow over the U.P. and
    sufficient QPF over the wintry mix zone for concerning freezing
    rain accumulations. Day 2.5 snow probs for >6" are 40% in the Huron
    Mtns and 30% along the central U.P. northern shore though these do
    seem a bit suppressed. Ice probs have risen despite the risk for
    dry slotting with the northeast L.P. having Day 2.5 probs for
    0.25" peak around 40%. Interestingly the WSSI-P moderate impact
    ice has a peak around 50% in a similar area. Overall this is a
    fairly progressive storm, much more so than the prolonged ice storm
    last March in this area.


    ...Northern New England...
    Days 2/3...

    Surface low pressure downstream of a northern stream trough
    over the Upper Midwest tracks across New York on Wednesday before
    crossing northern New England Wednesday night. A warm front
    downstream of the low will extend ENE into New England, and then
    lift through northern Maine with strong moisture advection driving
    a warm nose over residual cold air from high pressure tracking
    north of Maine Tuesday night. A wintry mix of sleet and freezing
    rain spreads generally north of NY/VT and across north-central
    Maine where Day 3 ice probs for >0.1" are 40-60%. Thermals likely
    remain cold enough for the northern tip of Maine where Day 3 snow
    probs for >6" are 40-60% in northern Aroostook Co.


    Jackson



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 9 18:03:09 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 091802
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    202 PM EDT Mon Mar 9 2026

    Valid 00Z Tue Mar 10 2026 - 00Z Fri Mar 13 2026

    ...Pacific Northwest Through The Northern Rockies... Days 1-3...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through this weekend with particularly low snow levels
    (especially for March) persisting into Wednesday.

    A powerful zonal jet south of a Gulf of Alaska low will continue to
    push across the WA/OR border as it continues to intensify to
    150kt+ through tonight. A tight baroclinic zone has established
    over central OR to southern MT with a moisture axis pushing across
    western WA with showery activity through this evening under a
    passing trough axis before tapering off under brief ridging
    overnight. This is the coldest portion of this storm, but precip
    should be pretty localized which may limit the snow coverage around
    the greater Seattle metro tonight as snow levels dip below 500ft
    MSL. Day 1 snow probs for >8" are over 50% above about 2000ft on
    the WA Cascades and around 30% in the Bitterroots and just south
    of Glacier NP.

    This initial round of wintry precipitation pushes east late D1 into
    D2, but is quickly followed by a resurgence of heavier
    precipitation. This secondary swath of precipitation will be driven
    by an impressive westerly AR, which will move onshore near 45N
    after 00Z/Wednesday, and then maintain elevated IVT intensity (>250
    kg/m/s) through a long duration, continuing through the end of the
    forecast period. Both the ECENS and West-WRF ensemble probabilities
    suggest the most significant IVT will occur 00Z/12 - 00Z/13,
    during which time snow levels will rise to as high as 4000 ft in
    WA, but 6000 ft in OR, thanks to a sharp cold front demarcating the
    highly variable snow levels. In general, though, snow levels will
    be quite low, and with the prolonged AR continuing the latter 2/3
    of the forecast period, this will result in periods of moderate to
    heavy snow, especially across the Olympics and Cascades where the orthogonal/onshore flow will drive pronounced upslope enhancement
    to snow amounts.

    WPC probabilities D2 for heavy snow indicate a high risk (>70%) for
    at least 12 inches of snow across the WA Cascades and Olympics,
    with considerable impacts to pass-level travel expected at all the
    Cascade passes since heavy snow is expected above 2500 ft. Locally
    more than 2 feet is expected D2 in the higher crests and peaks. Lighter,
    but still significant snow (>4") is likely into the OR Cascades
    and Northern Rockies.

    During D3, there is little adjustment to the footprint of heavy
    snow as the westerly AR continues with little latitudinal
    fluctuation. The biggest difference will be across OR where snow
    levels climbing to as high as 6000 ft shuts down the pass-level
    concerns in the OR Cascades. However, heavy snow continues above
    3000 ft (or lower in the northern WA Cascades and Northern Rockies)
    where WPC probabilities remain above 70% for an additional 12+
    inches of snowfall, and compounding pass-level impacts at locations
    such as Snoqualmie and Stevens Passes leading to extremely
    dangerous travel. Additionally, this snow will have a generally low
    SLR, so the combination of heavy rates and the heavy-wet nature of
    the snow, over a prolonged period of time, could result in
    widespread major impacts across the Cascades as reflected by the
    recent WSSI-P.


    ...Northern Plains through the Northern Great Lakes...
    Days 1-2..

    Northern and southern stream shortwaves will cross the country
    from the west, reaching the Plains by Wednesday morning. Although
    these features will remain separate, downstream moisture advection
    will steadily intensify, with impressive IVT exceeding 500 kg/m/s
    surging northward from the Gulf suggesting an atmospheric river
    (AR), which is also modeled by the recent PSL ARDT tool by late
    Tuesday night. This will surge impressive moisture (PWs reaching +4
    sigma into the Great Lakes), into which a developing low pressure,
    aided by broad synoptic ascent, will develop to expand
    precipitation across the area. As the low develops and moisture
    expands, mid-level isentropic ascent/WAA will lead to a narrow
    corridor of fgen between 700-600mb, resulting in a stripe of
    moderate to heavy snow from South Dakota through Minnesota and into
    the U.P. of Michigan. Snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are possible
    within this expanding band of snow, and while this should
    accumulate efficiently, the duration of heavy snow is expected to
    be limited, reducing the potential for widespread significant
    accumulations. Still, WPC probabilities are moderate (30-70%
    chance) for at least 4 inches of snowfall from far northern WI
    through the U.P. of MI, with more than 2 inches likely anywhere
    along this band from eastern SD through the Great Lakes.

    South of this heavy snow band, an axis of significant freezing rain
    is likely as the accompanying WAA pushes a warm nose >0C northward
    through eastern Wisconsin and the L.P. of Michigan. As this occurs,
    surface temperatures will remain below freezing thanks to weak E/NE
    winds flowing out of a surface high pressure to the northeast to
    keep wet-bulb temperatures below freezing. The duration of freezing
    rain in a narrow corridor could be significant, especially from
    near the Door Peninsula of WI through the northern L.P. of MI, but
    temperatures right around 0C will somewhat limit accretion
    efficiency. Still, WPC probabilities indicate a high chance of at
    least 0.01" of ice from central WI through much of the L.P. of MI,
    with locally more than 0.25" possible east of Traverse City and
    towards the Tip of the Mitt. Any freezing rain accretions above
    0.25" could result in local infrastructure impacts, and the
    Wednesday morning commute will likely be treacherous in these
    areas.


    ...Northern New England & Eastern Great Lakes...
    Days 2-3...

    Potent northern stream shortwave lifting steadily eastward from the
    Central Plains will cross into the Great Lakes/Ohio Valley Thursday
    while amplifying. Downstream of this trough amplification, a
    meridionally arcing jet streak will favorably influence ascent
    through the RRQ to help strengthen a surface low tracking from
    lower Michigan into Ontario, and then eventually moving over
    northern Maine Thursday morning. Downstream of this system,
    moisture advection will intensify from the Gulf, driven by potent
    850mb WAA, which will additionally surge the surface warm front
    northward. The combination of the deep layer ascent with the
    resulting fgen (as a result of the WAA) will create heavy
    precipitation along the international border with Canada and then
    into northern Maine. Precipitation will likely start as snow across
    northern Maine, but everywhere else, and then later in the period
    across northern Maine, a mix of sleet and freezing rain, eventually
    becoming rain, is expected, as the warm nose surges northward. The
    guidance has trended slightly warmer the past few runs, but heavy
    snow rates exceeding 1"/hr are likely in Northern Maine,
    contributing to a high risk (>70% chance) for at least 4 inches of
    snow, with locally 6-8 inches possible. Elsewhere, ice will likely
    be the primary hazard, with WPC probabilities indicating a moderate
    risk (30-70% chance) of at least 0.1 inches of ice in the northern
    Adirondacks, northern New Hampshire, and parts of north-central
    Maine.

    As this low pulls away, strong CAA in its wake may result in
    periods of moderate to heavy lake effect snow (LES) across Upstate
    New York. Regional soundings indicate a modest environment for
    heavy rates, but where the flow is most uniform across the Lakes,
    WPC probabilities indicate a moderate risk (30-70%) for at least 2
    inches of snowfall along the Chautauqua Ridge and into the Tug Hill
    Plateau, with local amounts above 4 inches possible.


    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 10 09:09:09 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 100908
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    508 AM EDT Tue Mar 10 2026

    Valid 12Z Tue Mar 10 2026 - 12Z Fri Mar 13 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    ...Washington Cascades Blizzard into Thursday...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with particularly low snow levels
    (especially for March) persisting through tonight.

    A reinforcing shortwave trough rides a 150kt zonal jet positioned
    south of a Gulf of Alaska low across the WA/OR border today. Low
    snow levels (500ft or below) persist this morning over western WA
    under the trough with snow levels rising to 1500ft this afternoon
    as heights rise after the trough axis passage. Onshore flow
    persists today with the next atmospheric river approaching tonight
    with rates becoming moderate overnight with increasing winds. Day
    1 PWPF for >8" is around 60% at Snoqualmie Pass and over 40% above
    about 2000ft on the WA and northern OR Cascades as well as the
    Olympics.

    A focused axis of 0.75 to 1" PW shifts across the western WA/OR
    border Wednesday through Friday with a trough axis crossing early
    Thursday. Powerful winds accompany the leadup to the trough axis
    with 850mb winds of 40-60kt expected across the WA and northern OR
    Cascades Wednesday night before easing into the 25kt range on
    Thursday. Snow levels rise to 4000ft through Wednesday in the WAA
    of the AR axis before dropping over WA into the 2000-3000ft range
    late Wednesday night. Days 2/3 snow probs for >12" are quite
    impressive, generally 50-80% above about 2500ft on Day 2 and 2000ft
    on Day 3. Blizzard warnings are up for the WA Cascades through
    Wednesday with the watch extending into Friday for this prolonged
    event.

    This moisture axis extends inland over the northern Rockies through
    this event. Snow levels rise there into the 4000-5000ft range
    through Wednesday night before the moisture axis shifts south a bit
    Thursday. Day 2 snow probs for >8" are 50-80% for the Bitterroots
    through the Lewis Range before focusing on the Bitterroots,
    Anaconda Range and southern Lewis Range on Day 3.


    ...Northern Plains through the Northern Great Lakes...
    Days 1-2..

    Broad troughing over the northern tier of the CONUS focuses onto a
    more defined northern stream trough over the northern Rockies today
    which sweeps across the northern Plains tonight, the Upper Midwest
    Wednesday, and the Great Lakes Wednesday night. A sinewy band of
    moderate snow over north-central MN, northern WI, and the western
    U.P. is from fgen on the leading edge of a developing inverted
    trough developing downstream of the forming trough axis. An
    additional factor in the developing storm is a cutoff low currently
    over the Sea of Cortez that ejects to TX through tonight. This
    reinforces the downstream inverted trough and promotes surface low
    pressure development over IL tonight. Broad cyclonic flow develops
    tonight with fgen snow banding over the north-central Plains
    through central MN up through northern WI and the western U.P.
    pivoting down to eastern Neb. Dry slotting is well defined now in
    guidance south of the snow and north of the surface low. Mixed
    precip will develop through this zone over central WI and
    especially northern L.P. of MI. Day 1.5 snow probs for >4" are over
    40% from northern WI through the north shore of the eastern U.P.
    with embedded 60% probs for >8" in the Huron Mtns. Day 1.5 probs
    for >0.25" are 40-60% in the northern U.P. east of I-75.


    ...Far Northeast...
    Days 2-3...

    Potent northern stream shortwave lifting steadily eastward from the
    Central Plains will cross into the Great Lakes/Ohio Valley Thursday
    while amplifying. Downstream of this trough amplification, a
    meridionally arcing jet streak will favorably influence ascent
    through the right entrance region to help strengthen a surface low
    tracking from lower Michigan through Ontario, before tracking north
    of Maine late Wednesday night. Downstream of this system, moisture
    advection will intensify from the Gulf, driven by potent 850mb
    WAA, which will additionally surge the surface warm front
    northward. The combination of the deep layer ascent with the
    resulting fgen (as a result of the WAA) will create heavy
    precipitation along the international border with Canada and then
    into northern Maine. Precipitation will likely start as snow across
    northern Maine, but everywhere else, and then later in the period
    across northern Maine, a mix of sleet and freezing rain, eventually
    becoming rain, is expected, as the warm nose surges northward. Day
    2 ice probs for >0.25" are 30-50% in interior north-central Maine
    with Day 2 snow probs for >6" limited to northern Aroostook Co.

    Some LES can be expected in the wake of this low off Lake Ontario
    late Thursday.


    ...Northern Plains to Northern Great Lakes...
    Day 3...

    The potent shortwave trough axis crossing northern WA early
    Thursday really amplifies over the northern Plains Thursday before
    rapidly developing into a major low pressure system over the Upper
    Midwest Thursday night. This progressive system will be on the
    leading edge of a 150kt WNWly jet. A strong wind field and heavy
    snow bands will develop with this low. Day 3 snow probs for >6" are
    30-60% over northeast ND and across northern WI, much of the U.P.,
    and the North Shore of MN. This coming on the heels of the
    low tonight into Wednesday will make for a notable late-season
    impact to the Upper Midwest/northern Great Lakes.


    Jackson



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 10 18:42:51 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 101842
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    242 PM EDT Tue Mar 10 2026

    Valid 00Z Wed Mar 11 2026 - 00Z Sat Mar 14 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    ...Washington Cascades Blizzard into Thursday...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with particularly low snow levels
    (especially for March) persisting through tonight.

    The overall synoptic pattern for D1 and beyond remains very
    consistent with run-to-run continuity. A reinforcing shortwave
    trough has continued to ride a 150kt zonal jet positioned south of
    a Gulf of Alaska low across the WA/OR border as evidenced by the
    first precipitation output located along the WA coastal areas. Low
    snow levels (500ft or below) persist this morning over western WA
    under the trough with snow levels rising to 1500ft this afternoon
    as heights rise after the trough axis passage. Onshore flow
    persists today with the next atmospheric river approaching tonight
    with rates becoming moderate overnight with increasing winds. Day 1
    PWPF for >8" is around 60-70% at Snoqualmie Pass and over 40%
    above about 2000ft on the WA and northern OR Cascades as well as
    the Olympics.

    A focused axis of 0.75 to 1" PW shifts across the western WA/OR
    border Wednesday through Friday with a trough axis crossing early
    Thursday. Powerful winds accompany the leadup to the trough axis
    with 850mb winds of 40-60kt expected across the WA and northern OR
    Cascades Wednesday night before easing into the 25kt range on
    Thursday. Snow levels rise to 4000ft through Wednesday in the WAA
    of the AR axis before dropping over WA into the 2000-3000ft range
    late Wednesday night as noted within the negative temperature
    advection regime focused between 850-700mb. Days 2/3 snow probs for
    12" are quite impressive, generally 50-80% above about 2500ft on
    Day 2 and 2000ft on Day 3. Blizzard warnings are up for the WA
    Cascades through Wednesday with the watch extending into Friday for
    this prolonged event.

    This moisture axis extends inland over the northern Rockies through
    this event. Snow levels rise there into the 4000-5000ft range
    through Wednesday night before the moisture axis shifts south a bit
    Thursday. Day 2 snow probs for >8" are 50-90% for the Bitterroots
    through the Lewis Range before focusing on the Bitterroots,
    Anaconda Range and southern Lewis Range on Day 3.


    ...Northern Plains through the Northern Great Lakes...
    Days 1-2..

    Broad troughing over the northern tier of the CONUS focuses onto a
    more defined northern stream trough over the northern Rockies today
    which sweeps across the northern Plains tonight, the Upper Midwest
    Wednesday, and the Great Lakes Wednesday night. Current WV
    satellite and accompanying UA analysis indicates a defined
    shortwave trough located over the north-central Rockies with a
    broad diffluent upper pattern focused from the Mid-Mississippi
    Valley up into the Lower Great Lakes. A sinewy band of moderate
    snow over north- central MN, northern WI, and the western U.P. is
    from fgen on the leading edge of a developing inverted trough
    developing downstream of the forming trough axis. An additional
    factor in the developing storm is a cutoff low currently over the
    Sea of Cortez that ejects to TX through tonight. This reinforces
    the downstream inverted trough and promotes surface low pressure
    development over IL tonight. Broad cyclonic flow develops tonight
    with fgen snow banding over the north-central Plains through
    central MN up through northern WI and the western U.P. pivoting
    down to eastern Neb. Dry slotting is well defined now in guidance
    south of the snow and north of the surface low. Mixed precip will
    develop through this zone over central WI and especially northern
    L.P. of MI. Day 1.5 snow probs for >4" are over 40% from northern
    WI through the north shore of the eastern U.P. with embedded 60-90%
    probs for >8" in the Huron Mtns. Day 1.5 probs for >0.25" of ice
    accretion are 50-80% in the northern U.P. east of I-75 with the
    maxima focused around Alpena and points just south where guidance
    is most aggressive with a prolonged freezing rain environment
    through the storms life cycle.


    ...Far Northeast...
    Days 2-3...

    General pattern evolution remains unchanged with strong run-to-run
    continuity for the setup. A potent northern stream shortwave
    lifting steadily eastward from the Central Plains will cross into
    the Great Lakes/Ohio Valley Thursday while amplifying. Downstream
    of this trough amplification, a meridionally arcing jet streak will
    favorably influence ascent through the right entrance region to
    help strengthen a surface low tracking from lower Michigan through
    Ontario, before tracking north of Maine late Wednesday night.
    Downstream of this system, moisture advection will intensify from
    the Gulf, driven by potent 850mb WAA, which will additionally surge
    the surface warm front northward. The combination of the deep
    layer ascent with the resulting fgen (as a result of the WAA) will
    create heavy precipitation along the international border with
    Canada and then into northern Maine. Precipitation will likely
    start as snow across northern Maine, but everywhere else, and then
    later in the period across northern Maine, a mix of sleet and
    freezing rain, eventually becoming rain, is expected, as the warm
    nose surges northward. Day 2 ice probs for >0.25" are 30-60% in
    interior north-central Maine with Day 2 snow probs for >6" limited
    to northern Aroostook Co.

    Some LES can be expected in the wake of this low off Lake Ontario
    late Thursday. Low-end probabilities (<20%) exist for snowfall of
    at least 4" across the Tug Hill Plateau with the best chance for
    snowfall more coincident with the evolving synoptic pattern across
    Canada down through the North Country where 10-40% probabilities
    exist for at least 4" of snowfall, mainly in the highest elevations
    of the Adirondak's.


    ...Northern Plains to Northern Great Lakes...
    Day 3...

    The potent shortwave trough axis crossing northern WA early
    Thursday really amplifies over the northern Plains Thursday before
    rapidly developing into a major low pressure system over the Upper
    Midwest Thursday night. This progressive system will be on the
    leading edge of a 150kt WNWly jet. A strong wind field and heavy
    snow bands will develop with this low. Day 3 snow probs for >6" are
    40-70% across northern WI, much of the U.P., and the North Shore
    of MN. This coming on the heels of the low tonight into Wednesday
    will make for a notable late-season impact to the Upper
    Midwest/northern Great Lakes where snowfall totals of 1-2ft will be
    common across the North Shores of Superior over into the Michigan
    U.P. where 18-24+" is forecast across the Huron Mountains and
    neighboring Keweenaw Peninsula.

    Jackson/Kleebauer


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 11 09:10:02 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 110909
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    509 AM EDT Wed Mar 11 2026

    Valid 12Z Wed Mar 11 2026 - 12Z Sat Mar 14 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    ...Washington Cascades Blizzard into Thursday...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with heavy precip and high winds
    especially tonight.

    A focused axis of 0.75 to 1" PW shifts across the western WA/OR
    border through Friday night with a trough axis crossing tonight.
    Powerful winds accompany the leadup to the trough axis with 850mb
    winds of 40-60kt expected across the WA and northern OR Cascades
    tonight before easing into the 25kt range on Thursday. Snow levels
    currently in the 2000-3000ft range rise to around 5000ft this
    afternoon in the WAA of the AR axis before dropping over WA into
    the 2000-3000ft range late tonight as noted within the negative
    temperature advection regime focused between 850-700mb. This will
    be quite the snow event for the higher elevations of the WA
    Cascades and the higher northern ID/northwestern MT ranges. Days
    1-3 each have snow probs for >24" above 40% in the Cascades and 30%
    in those ID/MT ranges (with only a little wobble in the axis south
    on Day 2 before returning north for Day 3). Snow probs for >12" at
    Snoqualmie Pass are 70% on Day 1, 95% on Day 2, and 70% again for
    Day 3. Major impacts are expected across the WA Cascades, the
    Bitterroots, western MT ranges and on Day 2 for northwestern WY
    ranges.


    ...Northern Great Lakes and Far Northeast...
    Day 1..

    Northern stream trough over the Upper Midwest with southern stream
    low over west Texas shift east to the Great Lakes/Southeast through
    tonight. The surface low over northern IL rapidly develops as it
    shifts across southern MI this morning and Quebec tonight. Banding
    around the elongated 850mb low over WI/MI is continuing over the
    U.P. with a separate area of light to moderate snow in central Neb.
    This axis pivots more N-S through this morning before lifting into
    Canada. Day 1 snow probs for >6" additional after 12Z are 50% in
    the Huron Mtns and 20-40% in the eastern U.P. and far northern
    Aroostook Co Maine.
    Meanwhile WAA ahead of the low shifts across the eastern U.S. with
    sufficient lingering cold over interior north- central Maine into
    Coos Co NH where Day 1 ice probs for >0.1" are 40-80%. Ongoing ice
    over the northern L.P. lingers this morning with 20% probs for an
    additional 0.1" after 12Z in a swath of the northeastern part of
    the state.


    ...Northern Plains through Northern Great Lakes into Northeast...
    Days 2/3...

    The potent shortwave trough axis crossing northern WA Wednesday
    night on a 150kt potent WNWly jet really amplifies over the
    northern Plains Thursday afternoon, producing a mature surface low
    that crosses the northern Great Lakes Thursday night and pushes up
    the St. Lawrence on Friday before reaching northern Maine Friday
    night. A strong wind field and heavy snow bands will develop with
    this low, though there remains some uncertainty with the track. The
    EC-AIFS and CMC are farther south with a Day 2 QPF axis focused
    just south of Duluth, while the GFS and NAM have the axis north
    from Duluth. A compromised solution in between (WPC QPF actually
    favors the south solution) is pretty close to the AIGEFS axis with
    more magnitude. Day 2 snow probs for >6" are 40% over northern MN
    with Day 2.5 probs 40-80% from the North Shore of MN, far northern
    WI, and all of the U.P. and the northern L.P. This track then
    continues east with Day 3 probs for >6" 40-60% over the Tug Hill
    and southern Adirondacks. Unlike the previous system, this one is
    much more simple with rain/snow and not a wintry mix. However, the
    deep low will create quite a wind field with localized blizzard
    conditions possible in spite of the North Woods' friction.


    Jackson


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 11 18:00:48 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 111800
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    200 PM EDT Wed Mar 11 2026

    Valid 00Z Thu Mar 12 2026 - 00Z Sun Mar 15 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-3...

    ...Washington Cascades Blizzard into Thursday...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with heavy precip and high winds
    especially tonight.

    Very little deviation in the synoptic scale forecast across the
    Pacific Northwest as the initial wave of the next AR takes aim at
    WA/OR, protruding inland into the Northern Rockies. Recent 12z RAOB
    out of KSLE (Portland, OR) and CONUS mesoanalysis confirms A
    focused axis of 0.75 to 1" PW advecting into the WA/OR coast. The
    expectation is for this advection regime to spread east across the
    northern half of OR into WA state, eventually making progression
    into the Northern Rockies as noted via a modest IVT pulse running
    between 500-700 kg/ms. This will create a prolonged heavy snowfall
    forecast within the terrain encompassing the Cascades into the
    interior thanks to prevailing upslope flow lingering into the end
    of the week (Friday PM). Shortwave trough currently off the WA
    coast will advance eastward through the day today with powerful
    winds preceding the mean shortwave trough axis with 850mb winds of
    40-70kts expected across the WA and northern OR Cascades tonight
    before easing into the 25-30kt range on Thursday as the trough
    axis finally crosses the region by early Thursday morning.

    Snow levels currently in the 2000-3000ft range rise to around
    5000ft this afternoon in the WAA of the AR axis before dropping
    over WA into the 2000-3000ft range late tonight as noted within the
    negative temperature advection regime focused between 850-700mb.
    This will be quite the snow event for the higher elevations of the
    WA Cascades and the higher northern ID/northwestern MT ranges. Days
    1-3 each have snow probs for >24" above 40% in the Cascades and
    30% in those ID/MT ranges (with only a little wobble in the axis
    south on Day 2 before returning north for Day 3). Snow probs for
    12" at Snoqualmie Pass are 70% on Day 1, 95% on Day 2, and 70%
    again for Day 3. Cumulative 72hr snowfall probability of >24" is
    above 70% for a majority of the WA Cascades and across the
    Bitterroots/ western MT ranges northwestern WY ranges with lower
    (30-70%), albeit modest probabilities for the same threshold across
    the Absoroka's down into the Wind River ranges in northwest WY and
    bordering MT.


    ...Northern Plains through Northern Great Lakes into Northeast...
    Days 2/3...

    The potent shortwave trough axis crossing northern WA overnight
    into tomorrow morning will quickly eject into the Northern Plains
    and neighboring Alberta/Saskatchewan Provinces through Thursday
    with sights downstream on the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes by the
    second half of D2. A LER of a potent 150kt upper jet will really
    help to amplify an accompanying surface low over the northern
    Plains as it matures rapidly into a powerful mid-980s low as it
    crosses into the northern Great Lakes Thursday night. Strong winds
    and heavy snow will press northwest to southeast from northeast ND
    through the northern-third of MN, eventually making headway into
    the Michigan U.P by early Friday morning. The strong cyclone will
    continue to move quickly eastward as it advances up into the St.
    Lawrence on Friday before reaching northern Maine Friday night.

    Day 2-2.5 snow probs for >6" are 40-80% over northern MN with the
    highest probabilities centered along the North Shore of Lake
    Superior in the Arrowhead of MN. D2.5-3 probabilities for >6" are
    between 50-80% across far northern WI, all of the U.P., and the
    northern L.P. This track then continues east with Day 3 probs for
    6" 40-70% over the Tug Hill and southern Adirondacks. Unlike the
    previous system, this one is much more simple with rain/snow and
    not a wintry mix. However, the deep low will create quite a wind
    field with localized blizzard conditions possible in spite of the
    North Woods' friction.

    Jackson/Kleebauer


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 12 07:53:58 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 120753
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    353 AM EDT Thu Mar 12 2026

    Valid 12Z Thu Mar 12 2026 - 12Z Sun Mar 15 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...
    Days 1-2...

    ...Washington Cascades Blizzard today...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with heavy precip and high winds
    especially tonight.

    Atmospheric river (AR) plunging onshore WA/OR will continue with
    high probabilities (>90% chance) of exceeding 250 kg/m/s for IVT
    continuing into Friday. This AR has been persistent, and will
    maintain a westerly direction through landfall transporting
    moisture orthogonally into the WA/OR coasts. This prolonged AR will
    bring copious moisture onshore, with pronounced spillover reaching
    all the way to the Northern Rockies as reflected by still high
    probabilities (>90% chance) for IVT exceeding 250 kg/m/s today and
    tonight.

    This moisture will be wrung out as heavy precipitation through
    orographic enhancement into the Olympics, Cascades, and Northern
    Rockies, with additional heavy precipitation reaching the lower
    elevations through mid-level isentropic ascent due to WAA. However,
    a low pressure moving out of Alberta, Canada and into the Northern
    Plains by Thursday aftn will drape a cold front southward, with
    this front become elongated west to east causing some additional
    upslope and mesoscale ascent, while additionally creating a sharp
    gradient in snow levels. North of this front, snow levels will
    waver between 1500-2500 ft, creating significant impacts at many of
    the Cascades and Northern Rockies passes, especially during D1 when precipitation will be the heaviest. Farther south, snow levels will
    remain elevated as high as 6000-7000 ft in Oregon, resulting in far
    weaker winter related impacts through the period.

    The precipitation will likely be nearly continuous across the
    terrain, with only as low S/SE trend through Friday evening.
    However, by Saturday, the ascent should advect away to the east
    while the best moisture shunts to the southeast, bringing an end to
    wintry precipitation across the area. Before that happens, periods
    of heavy snow combined with strong winds will result in blizzard
    conditions across the Olympics, WA Cascades, and parts of the
    Northern Rockies near Glacier NP and the Lewis Range. With snow
    levels so low, travel across the passes will be extremely impacted
    as 1-2+"/hr snowfall combines with strong winds. Where this snow
    accumulates most robustly, WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at
    least an additional 24", with locally 3-5 feet of snow expected in
    the Cascades and highest Northern Rockies elevations, leading to
    continued challenging travel across the passes.


    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    A fast moving, compact, but intense low pressure will race eastward
    near the United States/Canada border from this morning through
    Saturday morning, bringing a stripe of heavy snow and strong winds
    to parts of the area.

    This low will initially develop over the British Columbia province
    Wednesday evening, but being to deepen rapidly as it approaches
    North Dakota Thursday morning. This low will be driven by a potent
    shortwave emerging from the Canadian Rockies and then deepening
    into a closed low despite modest amplitude of the feature thanks to
    being embedded within pinched westerlies and fast mid-level flow.
    As this shortwave deepens, likely reaching peak amplitude 00Z/Fri -
    12Z/Fri, it will work in tandem with the LFQ of nearly zonal, but strengthening, jet streak, to produce rapid ventilation aloft to
    result in the surface low deepening quickly. This low is likely to
    track from western ND to eastern WI on Thursday, and then continue
    east, ejecting away from the Maine coast on Saturday morning.

    As this low progresses east, especially into the Great Lakes, it
    will interact with a moistening column thanks to residual IVT from
    an atmospheric river spreading eastward from the Pacific Northwest.
    PWs are progged to reach +2 sigma, with this moisture then being
    advected cyclonically into the low, reflected by a strengthening
    theta-e ridge /TROWAL/ lifting northward into the western Great
    Lakes. Impressive deep layer ascent will then couple with
    increasing isentropic ascent and 850-700mb fgen (in response to
    intensifying WAA) to produce an environment will support heavy snow
    rates for which the HREF suggests has a 70-90% chance of exceeding 1"/hr, especially along the Arrowhead and into the U.P. of MI. Although
    there is still some latitudinal uncertainty as to where the
    heaviest snow will occur, there is high confidence in a stripe of
    heavy accumulations from northern MN through northern WI, the U.P.
    of MI, and into the northern L.P. of MI. This is reflected by WPC
    probabilities that are high (>70%) for at least 6 inches from far
    northern MN into much of the U.P. and northern L.P. of MI, with
    locally more than 12 inches possible across the Iron Ranges of the
    Arrowhead.

    Additionally, impacts will be considerable as these intense
    snowfall rates combine with gusty winds that may reach 30-50 mph to
    produce near blizzard conditions and dangerous travel. The WSSI-P
    indicates a 20-40% chance of at least moderate impacts across the
    Upper Midwest/Great Lakes, so the Thursday evening and Friday
    morning commutes will likely be extremely challenging.

    As this low skirts eastward on Friday into Saturday, it initially
    occludes over MI and then pivots rapidly into New England Friday
    night. During this time, the most significant ascent beings to wane
    as the upper low opens and the best synoptic ascent no longer
    overlaps within the LFQ of the accompanying jet streak. Impressive
    WAA at 850mb will surge northeast from the Mid-Atlantic states into
    the Northeast, helping to expand precipitation further despite a
    reduction in available PW (compared to areas farther west). This
    will likely still result in a swath of moderate snowfall from
    Upstate NY through coastal ME, with again some continued
    uncertainty into the latitudinal placement of the heaviest amounts.
    The heaviest snow is likely in the upslope regions of the
    Adirondacks D2 where WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least
    6 inches, including across the Tug Hill Plateau, with lesser, but
    still significant snowfall of 2-4" expected in the higher terrain
    of the Green and White Mountains.


    ...Central Appalachians & I-95 Corridor...
    Day 1...

    A tricky forecast for snowfall will develop from the Central
    Appalachians into the Mid-Atlantic states today. A powerful cold
    front will race eastward from the Ohio Valley/Central Appalachians
    tonight, to exit the Mid-Atlantic coast by late this afternoon.
    Precipitation developing along the front will expand northeast and
    become heavy within a plume of PWs above +3 sigma. This will
    support primarily heavy rain as the column will be much too warm
    for any wintry p-types. However, the intense CAA along and
    immediately behind the front will drive tremendous ascent and
    rapidly cool the column, aided by dynamic cooling as precipitation
    falls from aloft. Cold air chasing moisture is rarely a setup that
    supports snowfall, especially after record high-temperatures from Tuesday/Wednesday. However, a potent jet streak will try to
    strengthen just as the cold front moves offshore, placing
    sufficient deep layer lift atop the front to potentially change
    precip over to heavy snow, aided by additional ascent downstream of
    the primary southern stream shortwave/PV anomaly opening into the
    Mid-Atlantic. This could support snowfall that could be heavy at
    times thanks to strong omega into the DGZ.

    The combination of intense lift into the DGZ at the same time as
    the column cools (with steep lapse rates below 850mb) could support
    a changeover to heavy snowfall, at least briefly, from northern NC
    through Long Island. The timing of the changeover (afternoon)
    combined with the antecedent hostile conditions (for snow
    accumulation) will limit most impacts. However, the high-res is in
    decent agreement that there will be a changeover to heavy snow with
    rates potentially exceeding 1"/hr at times. This will likely not
    materialize as 1"/hr accumulation, and any accumulations should be
    limited to grassy surfaces as reflected by WPC probabilities that
    are generally 10-30% for 1" of snow (higher in the higher terrain). However,
    a wide range in WSE plumes suggests the potential for some
    accumulation, especially along and east of I-95 or across the
    higher terrain of the Blue Ridge, which could impact travel for the
    evening commute as reflected by the WSSI-P supporting at least
    modest probabilities for minor impacts.


    ...Northern High Plains through the Upper Midwest...
    Day 3...

    ...Increasing confidence in a major winter storm this weekend...

    The next in a series of shortwaves embedded within rapid flow
    across the northern tier will move onshore the British Columbia
    coast Friday and then advect rapidly southeast while deepening. The
    core of this shortwave and its associated vorticity is expected to
    dive across the Northern Rockies Saturday night and then reach the
    central High Plains by Saturday night/Sunday morning. This
    deepening trough across the High Plains will move across a residual
    baroclinic gradient draped from the Northern Rockies into the
    Central Plains, to help drive surface cyclogenesis in the lee of
    the Rockies. This low is then likely to rapidly intensify as it
    tracks northeast into Sunday, aided by coupling of upper level jet
    streaks. Although there continues to be spread among the various
    ensemble clusters, there is high confidence in this low developing
    and reaching the Central Plains by the end of the forecast period.

    This low will develop within impressive moisture, both in response
    to persistent IVT spreading Pacific moisture onshore and across the
    West, but also in response to an expanding theta-e ridge emerging
    from the Gulf downstream of the amplifying trough axis. As this low
    deepens, it will wrap this moisture northward through intensifying
    isentropic ascent/WAA, leading to a large swath of heavy snow.

    This heavy snow may begin as early as Friday across the northern
    High Plains in response to impressive fgen driven both by the
    low-level front and 700mb WAA and the response to the peripheral
    RRQ of the zonally oriented jet streak aloft. It is this jet
    streak overlapping the strengthening 700mb WAA, as it moves
    eastward, which will allow snow to expand in a narrow corridor
    across the High Plains into the Upper Midwest through Saturday
    morning, and in some places there may be two rounds of moderate to
    heavy snow. However, the most significant snowfall is expected to
    begin Saturday night and then continue beyond this forecast period
    from the Northern Plains into the Great Lakes. While it remains a
    bit too early for specific forecast amounts, 2-day WPC
    probabilities for at least 8" of snow are above 70% across the High
    Plains of MT, and 30-70% for parts of SD and MN, and snowfall
    rates above 1"/hr appear probable due to a synoptic evolution that
    suggests impressive banding is likely.

    These snowfall rates combined with an intense pressure gradient due
    to a strong high positioned just to the northwest, will likely
    cause significant blowing and drifting of snowfall, along with
    limited visibility. WSSI-P is already projecting 70+% probability
    for at least moderate impacts (mostly on D4 into the Upper Midwest
    and Great Lakes) and this event could materialize as a blizzard in
    some areas with widespread substantial impacts from Saturday into
    early next week.


    Weiss



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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 12 08:08:11 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 120807
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    407 AM EDT Thu Mar 12 2026

    Valid 12Z Thu Mar 12 2026 - 12Z Sun Mar 15 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...=20
    Days 1-2...

    ...Washington Cascades Blizzard today...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with heavy precip and high winds
    especially tonight.

    Atmospheric river (AR) plunging onshore WA/OR will continue with
    high probabilities (>90% chance) of exceeding 250 kg/m/s for IVT
    continuing into Friday. This AR has been persistent, and will
    maintain a westerly direction through landfall transporting
    moisture orthogonally into the WA/OR coasts. This prolonged AR will
    bring copious moisture onshore, with pronounced spillover reaching
    all the way to the Northern Rockies as reflected by still high
    probabilities (>90% chance) for IVT exceeding 250 kg/m/s today and
    tonight.

    This moisture will be wrung out as heavy precipitation through
    orographic enhancement into the Olympics, Cascades, and Northern
    Rockies, with additional heavy precipitation reaching the lower
    elevations through mid-level isentropic ascent due to WAA. However,
    a low pressure moving out of Alberta, Canada and into the Northern
    Plains by Thursday aftn will drape a cold front southward, with
    this front become elongated west to east causing some additional
    upslope and mesoscale ascent, while additionally creating a sharp=20
    gradient in snow levels. North of this front, snow levels will
    waver between 1500-2500 ft, creating significant impacts at many of
    the Cascades and Northern Rockies passes, especially during D1 when precipitation will be the heaviest. Farther south, snow levels will
    remain elevated as high as 6000-7000 ft in Oregon, resulting in far
    weaker winter related impacts through the period.

    The precipitation will likely be nearly continuous across the
    terrain, with only as low S/SE trend through Friday evening.
    However, by Saturday, the ascent should advect away to the east
    while the best moisture shunts to the southeast, bringing an end to
    wintry precipitation across the area. Before that happens, periods
    of heavy snow combined with strong winds will result in blizzard
    conditions across the Olympics, WA Cascades, and parts of the
    Northern Rockies near Glacier NP and the Lewis Range. With snow
    levels so low, travel across the passes will be extremely impacted
    as 1-2+"/hr snowfall combines with strong winds. Where this snow
    accumulates most robustly, WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at
    least an additional 24", with locally 3-5 feet of snow expected in
    the Cascades and highest Northern Rockies elevations, leading to
    continued challenging travel across the passes.=20


    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    A fast moving, compact, but intense low pressure will race eastward
    near the United States/Canada border from this morning through
    Saturday morning, bringing a stripe of heavy snow and strong winds
    to parts of the area.

    This low will initially develop over the British Columbia province
    Wednesday evening, but being to deepen rapidly as it approaches
    North Dakota Thursday morning. This low will be driven by a potent
    shortwave emerging from the Canadian Rockies and then deepening
    into a closed low despite modest amplitude of the feature thanks to
    being embedded within pinched westerlies and fast mid-level flow.
    As this shortwave deepens, likely reaching peak amplitude 00Z/Fri -
    12Z/Fri, it will work in tandem with the LFQ of nearly zonal, but strengthening, jet streak, to produce rapid ventilation aloft to
    result in the surface low deepening quickly. This low is likely to
    track from western ND to eastern WI on Thursday, and then continue
    east, ejecting away from the Maine coast on Saturday morning.

    As this low progresses east, especially into the Great Lakes, it
    will interact with a moistening column thanks to residual IVT from
    an atmospheric river spreading eastward from the Pacific Northwest.
    PWs are progged to reach +2 sigma, with this moisture then being
    advected cyclonically into the low, reflected by a strengthening
    theta-e ridge /TROWAL/ lifting northward into the western Great
    Lakes. Impressive deep layer ascent will then couple with
    increasing isentropic ascent and 850-700mb fgen (in response to
    intensifying WAA) to produce an environment will support heavy snow
    rates for which the HREF suggests has a 70-90% chance of exceeding 1"/hr, especially along the Arrowhead and into the U.P. of MI. Although=20
    there is still some latitudinal uncertainty as to where the=20
    heaviest snow will occur, there is high confidence in a stripe of=20
    heavy accumulations from northern MN through northern WI, the U.P.
    of MI, and into the northern L.P. of MI. This is reflected by WPC
    probabilities that are high (>70%) for at least 6 inches from far
    northern MN into much of the U.P. and northern L.P. of MI, with=20
    locally more than 12 inches possible across the Iron Ranges of the=20 Arrowhead.

    Additionally, impacts will be considerable as these intense
    snowfall rates combine with gusty winds that may reach 30-50 mph to
    produce near blizzard conditions and dangerous travel. The WSSI-P
    indicates a 20-40% chance of at least moderate impacts across the
    Upper Midwest/Great Lakes, so the Thursday evening and Friday
    morning commutes will likely be extremely challenging.

    As this low skirts eastward on Friday into Saturday, it initially
    occludes over MI and then pivots rapidly into New England Friday
    night. During this time, the most significant ascent beings to wane
    as the upper low opens and the best synoptic ascent no longer
    overlaps within the LFQ of the accompanying jet streak. Impressive
    WAA at 850mb will surge northeast from the Mid-Atlantic states into
    the Northeast, helping to expand precipitation further despite a
    reduction in available PW (compared to areas farther west). This
    will likely still result in a swath of moderate snowfall from
    Upstate NY through coastal ME, with again some continued
    uncertainty into the latitudinal placement of the heaviest amounts.
    The heaviest snow is likely in the upslope regions of the
    Adirondacks D2 where WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least
    6 inches, including across the Tug Hill Plateau, with lesser, but
    still significant snowfall of 2-4" expected in the higher terrain
    of the Green and White Mountains.


    ...Central Appalachians & I-95 Corridor...=20
    Day 1...

    A tricky forecast for snowfall will develop from the Central
    Appalachians into the Mid-Atlantic states today. A powerful cold
    front will race eastward from the Ohio Valley/Central Appalachians
    tonight, to exit the Mid-Atlantic coast by late this afternoon.
    Precipitation developing along the front will expand northeast and
    become heavy within a plume of PWs above +3 sigma. This will
    support primarily heavy rain as the column will be much too warm
    for any wintry p-types. However, the intense CAA along and
    immediately behind the front will drive tremendous ascent and
    rapidly cool the column, aided by dynamic cooling as precipitation
    falls from aloft. Cold air chasing moisture is rarely a setup that
    supports snowfall, especially after record high-temperatures from Tuesday/Wednesday. However, a potent jet streak will try to
    strengthen just as the cold front moves offshore, placing
    sufficient deep layer lift atop the front to potentially change
    precip over to heavy snow, aided by additional ascent downstream of
    the primary southern stream shortwave/PV anomaly opening into the
    Mid-Atlantic. This could support snowfall that could be heavy at=20
    times thanks to strong omega into the DGZ.=20

    The combination of intense lift into the DGZ at the same time as=20
    the column cools (with steep lapse rates below 850mb) could support
    a changeover to heavy snowfall, at least briefly, from northern NC
    through Long Island. The timing of the changeover (afternoon)
    combined with the antecedent hostile conditions (for snow
    accumulation) will limit most impacts. However, the high-res is in
    decent agreement that there will be a changeover to heavy snow with
    rates potentially exceeding 1"/hr at times. This will likely not
    materialize as 1"/hr accumulation, and any accumulations should be
    limited to grassy surfaces as reflected by WPC probabilities that
    are generally 10-30% for 1" of snow (higher in the higher terrain). However,
    a wide range in WSE plumes suggests the potential for some=20
    accumulation, especially along and east of I-95 or across the=20
    higher terrain of the Blue Ridge, which could impact travel for the
    evening commute as reflected by the WSSI-P supporting at least=20
    modest probabilities for minor impacts.


    ...Northern High Plains through the Upper Midwest...
    Day 3...

    ...Increasing confidence in a major winter storm this weekend...

    The next in a series of shortwaves embedded within rapid flow
    across the northern tier will move onshore the British Columbia
    coast Friday and then advect rapidly southeast while deepening. The
    core of this shortwave and its associated vorticity is expected to
    dive across the Northern Rockies Saturday night and then reach the
    central High Plains by Saturday night/Sunday morning. This
    deepening trough across the High Plains will move across a residual
    baroclinic gradient draped from the Northern Rockies into the
    Central Plains, to help drive surface cyclogenesis in the lee of
    the Rockies. This low is then likely to rapidly intensify as it=20
    tracks northeast into Sunday, aided by coupling of upper level jet
    streaks. Although there continues to be spread among the various
    ensemble clusters, there is high confidence in this low developing
    and reaching the Central Plains by the end of the forecast period.

    This low will develop within impressive moisture, both in response
    to persistent IVT spreading Pacific moisture onshore and across the
    West, but also in response to an expanding theta-e ridge emerging
    from the Gulf downstream of the amplifying trough axis. As this low
    deepens, it will wrap this moisture northward through intensifying
    isentropic ascent/WAA, leading to a large swath of heavy snow.=20

    This heavy snow may begin as early as Friday across the northern=20
    High Plains in response to impressive fgen driven both by the
    low-level front and 700mb WAA and the response to the peripheral=20
    RRQ of the zonally oriented jet streak aloft. It is this jet
    streak overlapping the strengthening 700mb WAA, as it moves=20
    eastward, which will allow snow to expand in a narrow corridor=20
    across the High Plains into the Upper Midwest through Saturday
    morning, and in some places there may be two rounds of moderate to
    heavy snow. However, the most significant snowfall is expected to
    begin Saturday night and then continue beyond this forecast period
    from the Northern Plains into the Great Lakes. While it remains a
    bit too early for specific forecast amounts, 2-day WPC
    probabilities for at least 8" of snow are above 70% across the High
    Plains of MT, and 30-70% for parts of SD and MN, and snowfall=20
    rates above 1"/hr appear probable due to a synoptic evolution that=20
    suggests impressive banding is likely.

    These snowfall rates combined with an intense pressure gradient due
    to a strong high positioned just to the northwest, will likely
    cause significant blowing and drifting of snowfall, along with
    limited visibility. WSSI-P is already projecting 70+% probability=20
    for at least moderate impacts (mostly on D4 into the Upper Midwest=20
    and Great Lakes) and this event could materialize as a blizzard in=20
    some areas with widespread substantial impacts from Saturday into=20
    early next week.

    Winter storm key messages have been initiated for this event, and
    are linked below (Key Message 1).


    Weiss



    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!_l7_SIF4iMRgLCJLePHWPudv8GP3NFvmHymMtUBheLFyN= D3L4Bl8L4e3qb_iwLvBLK4Meuj_FIJYeuSYOFj4hqjZXiA$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 12 19:39:51 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 121939
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    339 PM EDT Thu Mar 12 2026

    Valid 00Z Fri Mar 13 2026 - 00Z Mon Mar 16 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...=20
    Days 1-2...

    ...Washington Cascades Major Winter Storm through Friday...

    Active winter weather continues across the WA Cascades and northern
    Rockies through Friday night with heavy precip and high winds
    especially tonight.

    Atmospheric river (AR) plunging onshore WA/OR will continue with
    high probabilities (>90% chance) of exceeding 250 kg/m/s for IVT
    continuing into Friday. This AR has been persistent, and will
    maintain a westerly direction through landfall transporting
    moisture orthogonally into the WA/OR coasts. This prolonged AR will
    bring copious moisture onshore, with pronounced spillover reaching
    all the way to the Northern Rockies as reflected by still high
    probabilities (>90% chance) for IVT exceeding 250 kg/m/s today and
    tonight.

    This moisture will be wrung out as heavy precipitation through
    orographic enhancement into the Olympics, Cascades, and Northern
    Rockies, with additional heavy precipitation reaching the lower
    elevations through mid-level isentropic ascent due to WAA. However,
    a low pressure moving out of Alberta, Canada and into the Northern
    Plains by Thursday aftn will drape a cold front southward, with
    this front become elongated west to east causing some additional
    upslope and mesoscale ascent, while additionally creating a sharp=20
    gradient in snow levels. North of this front, snow levels will
    waver between 1500-2500 ft, creating significant impacts at many of
    the Cascades and Northern Rockies passes, especially during D1 when precipitation will be the heaviest. Farther south, snow levels will
    remain elevated as high as 6000-7000 ft in Oregon, resulting in far
    weaker winter related impacts through the period.

    The precipitation will likely be nearly continuous across the
    terrain, with only as low S/SE trend through Friday evening.
    However, by Saturday, the ascent should advect away to the east
    while the best moisture shunts to the southeast, bringing an end to
    wintry precipitation across the area. Before that happens, periods
    of heavy snow combined with strong winds will result in blizzard
    conditions across the Olympics, WA Cascades, and parts of the
    Northern Rockies near Glacier NP and the Lewis Range. With snow
    levels so low, travel across the passes will be extremely impacted
    as 1-2+"/hr snowfall combines with strong winds. Where this snow
    accumulates most robustly, WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at
    least an additional 24", with locally 3-5 feet of snow expected in
    the Cascades and highest Northern Rockies elevations, leading to
    continued challenging travel across the passes.=20


    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    A fast moving, compact, but intense low pressure will race eastward
    near the United States/Canada border from this morning through
    Saturday morning, bringing a stripe of heavy snow and strong winds
    to parts of the area.

    This low will initially develop over the British Columbia province
    Wednesday evening, but being to deepen rapidly as it approaches
    North Dakota Thursday morning. This low will be driven by a potent
    shortwave emerging from the Canadian Rockies and then deepening
    into a closed low despite modest amplitude of the feature thanks to
    being embedded within pinched westerlies and fast mid-level flow.
    As this shortwave deepens, likely reaching peak amplitude 00Z/Fri -
    12Z/Fri, it will work in tandem with the LFQ of nearly zonal, but strengthening, jet streak, to produce rapid ventilation aloft to
    result in the surface low deepening quickly. This low is likely to
    track from western ND to eastern WI on Thursday, and then continue
    east, ejecting away from the Maine coast on Saturday morning.

    As this low progresses east, especially into the Great Lakes, it
    will interact with a moistening column thanks to residual IVT from
    an atmospheric river spreading eastward from the Pacific Northwest.
    PWs are progged to reach +2 sigma, with this moisture then being
    advected cyclonically into the low, reflected by a strengthening
    theta-e ridge /TROWAL/ lifting northward into the western Great
    Lakes. Impressive deep layer ascent will then couple with
    increasing isentropic ascent and 850-700mb fgen (in response to
    intensifying WAA) to produce an environment will support heavy snow
    rates for which the HREF suggests has a 70-90% chance of exceeding 1"/hr, especially along the Arrowhead and into the U.P. of MI. Although=20
    there is still some latitudinal uncertainty as to where the=20
    heaviest snow will occur, there is high confidence in a stripe of=20
    heavy accumulations from northern MN through northern WI, the U.P.
    of MI, and into the northern L.P. of MI. This is reflected by WPC
    probabilities that are high (>70%) for at least 6 inches from far
    northern MN into much of the U.P. and northern L.P. of MI, with=20
    locally more than 12 inches possible across the Iron Ranges of the=20 Arrowhead.

    Additionally, impacts will be considerable as these intense
    snowfall rates combine with gusty winds that may reach 30-50 mph to
    produce near blizzard conditions and dangerous travel. The WSSI-P
    indicates a 20-40% chance of at least moderate impacts across the
    Upper Midwest/Great Lakes, so the Thursday evening and Friday
    morning commutes will likely be extremely challenging.

    As this low skirts eastward on Friday into Saturday, it initially
    occludes over MI and then pivots rapidly into New England Friday
    night. During this time, the most significant ascent begins to=20
    wane as the upper low opens and the best synoptic ascent no longer=20
    overlaps within the LFQ of the accompanying jet streak. Impressive=20
    WAA at 850mb will surge northeast from the Mid-Atlantic states into
    the Northeast, helping to expand precipitation further despite a=20
    reduction in available PW (compared to areas farther west). This=20
    will likely still result in a swath of moderate snowfall from=20
    Upstate NY through coastal ME, with again some continued=20
    uncertainty into the latitudinal placement of the heaviest amounts.
    The heaviest snow is likely in the upslope regions of the=20
    Adirondacks D2 where WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least
    6 inches, including across the Tug Hill Plateau, with lesser, but=20
    still significant snowfall of 2-4" expected in the higher terrain=20
    of the Green and White Mountains.


    ...Northern High Plains through the Upper Midwest...
    Days 3-3.5...

    ...Increasing confidence for a major winter storm this weekend...

    The next in a series of shortwaves embedded within rapid flow
    across the northern tier will move onshore the British Columbia
    coast Friday and then advect rapidly southeast while deepening. The
    core of this shortwave and its associated vorticity is expected to
    dive across the Northern Rockies Saturday night and then reach the
    central High Plains by Saturday night/Sunday morning. This
    deepening trough across the High Plains will move across a residual
    baroclinic gradient draped from the Northern Rockies into the
    Central Plains, to help drive surface cyclogenesis in the lee of
    the Rockies. This low is then likely to rapidly intensify as it=20
    tracks northeast into Sunday, aided by coupling of upper level jet
    streaks. Although there continues to be some spread among the=20
    various ensemble clusters, there is high confidence in this low=20
    developing and reaching the upper Great Lakes by the end of the=20
    forecast period.

    This low will develop within impressive moisture, both in response
    to persistent IVT spreading Pacific moisture onshore and across the
    West, but also in response to an expanding theta-e ridge emerging
    from the Gulf downstream of the amplifying trough axis. As this low
    deepens, it will wrap this moisture northward through intensifying
    isentropic ascent/WAA, leading to a large swath of heavy snow.=20

    This heavy snow may begin as early as Friday across the northern=20
    High Plains in response to impressive fgen driven both by the
    low-level front and 700mb WAA and the response to the peripheral=20
    RRQ of the zonally oriented jet streak aloft. It is this jet
    streak overlapping the strengthening 700mb WAA, as it moves=20
    eastward, which will allow snow to expand in a narrow corridor=20
    across the High Plains into the Upper Midwest through Saturday
    morning, and in some places there may be two rounds of moderate to
    heavy snow. However, the most significant snowfall is expected to
    begin Saturday night and then continue into Monday from the=20
    Northern Plains into the upper Great Lakes. While it remains a bit
    too early for specific forecast amounts, 3-day NBM probabilities
    for the entire storm ending Tuesday include warning level (6") of
    snow at the 5th percentile (meaning 95% chance of more than this)
    in a swath from the southeast corner of Minnesota through central
    Wisconsin and then northeast across much of the northern Mitt and
    far western U.P. of Michigan. 2-day WPC probabilities for at least
    8" of snow are above 70% across the High Plains of MT, and 30-70%=20
    for parts of SD and MN, and snowfall rates above 1"/hr appear=20
    probable due to a synoptic evolution that suggests impressive=20
    banding is likely.

    These snowfall rates combined with an intense pressure gradient due
    to a strong high positioned just to the northwest, will likely
    cause significant blowing and drifting of snowfall, along with
    limited visibility. WSSI-P is already projecting 70+% probability=20
    for at least moderate impacts (mostly on D4 into the Upper Midwest=20
    and Great Lakes) and this event could materialize as a blizzard in=20
    some areas with widespread substantial impacts from Saturday into=20
    early next week. The parent low feeding the system will be in an
    intensifying phase as the track turns north of east after the
    center crosses the Mississippi River Sunday evening. Very heavy
    snow and persistent banding will be in place as the upper level
    shortwave trough driving the upper level dynamics of the storm
    Sunday night becomes negatively tilted, and the RRQ of the rapidly strengthening upper level jet streak curls to a SSE direction, thus
    maximizing upper level divergence. Snowfall rates greater than 2
    inches per hour are likely in the strongest bands.

    Snow efficiency will be a big challenge with this storm. The
    combination of it being mid-March, so there's about 12 hours of
    daylight for any snow to contend with when accumulating, as well as
    increasing wind concerns, especially Sunday into Monday as the
    storm continues to intensify. The winds work to break up the
    snowflakes, lowering accumulation efficiency. The cold air coming
    south behind the storm is quite dry, as usual, so that should work
    to prevent there being much snow at very cold temperatures, which
    would increase snow liquid ratios.=20

    Finally, NBM mean snow totals are over a foot from southwest
    Minnesota across all but far northwestern Wisconsin, and all but
    southeast Michigan. 2 foot means cover much of central and
    northeastern Wisconsin, the northern Mitt, and most of the western
    half of the U.P. Thus, this is expected to be a historic and=20
    extremely impactful winter storm due to both snowfall amounts and=20
    high winds blowing the snow around. Frequent whiteouts are expected
    with blizzard conditions certain along the shorelines of Lakes
    Michigan and Superior, and likely for many inland areas.=20

    Winter storm key messages have been initiated for this event, and
    are linked below (Key Message 1).


    Wegman/ Weiss




    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!6CPU2QBS2MnpiTUJhZ1xYelk_Nk_YKf1d2MQcOrzFbdBu= eFFwjRZn66OhIHBmQPGlA8NRFhgh5ax3YlGSy_91pPaBug$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 13 07:29:46 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 130729
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    329 AM EDT Fri Mar 13 2026

    Valid 12Z Fri Mar 13 2026 - 12Z Mon Mar 16 2026

    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...=20
    Days 1-2...

    ...Washington Cascades Major Winter Storm continues today...

    Impressive atmospheric river (AR) continues one more day with a
    plume of IVT with high probabilities (>90%) for exceeding 500
    kg/m/s continuing to advect onshore around 45N near the WA/OR
    border. This AR has been ongoing for more than a day already, and
    will continue one more day before finally sinking southward Friday
    aftn. This prolonged fetch of IVT will cause significant spillover
    into the Northern Rockies as well as reflected by still significant probabilities for IVT exceeding 250 kg/m/s, so while the most
    intense snowfall will continue across the Olympics and Cascades,
    the Northern Rockies will also experience heavy snow for at least
    one more day.

    The nearly zonal direction of this AR will result in exceptional
    orographic enhancement as it directs nearly orthogonally into the
    Olympics and Cascades, with additional large scale ascent being
    produced via isentropic ascent on the WAA within the AR plume and
    modest LFQ diffluence as the Pacific jet streak sinks southward. At
    the surface, a stationary front will waver in a west-to-east
    fashion through tonight before finally sinking southward as a cold
    front in response to a shortwave digging out of British Columbia.
    This shortwave will also be responsible for weakening and shifting
    the narrowing IVT plume southward, with the West-WRF indicating IVT
    falling below 250 kg/m/s into northern CA by Saturday morning.

    There is high confidence in heavy snow continuing today and tonight
    before precipitation slowly wanes on Saturday with much lighter
    snow. The more challenging aspect is what will happen with snow
    levels across the region. There will be a very sharp gradient in
    snow levels from north to south, with the surface front acting as a
    demarcation between very low snow levels in the WA Cascades
    (1000-2000 ft) and much higher across OR (6000-7000 ft). As the
    front digs south in conjunction with the shortwave, snow levels
    will crash across OR as well, but with much lighter precipitation
    during that transition. This suggests that the heaviest snow (and
    most notable impacts) will be across the WA Cascades and Olympics,
    with considerable impacts also expected in the Northern Rockies,
    and lesser snowfall and impacts expected across the OR Cascades.

    This is reflected by WPC probabilities that are high (>70%) for at
    least an additional 12 inches in the WA Cascades and parts of the=20
    Northern Rockies. At least 4 inches of additional snowfall D1 is=20
    expected (>70%) in the Blue Mountains, the higher elevations of NW=20
    WY near Yellowstone NP, and the Sawtooth/Salmon River ranges. BY
    D2, snowfall persisting across the Cascades wanes rapidly leaving
    just light additional accumulations, but heavy snow will continue
    across the Wind Rivers, Absarokas, Tetons, Big Horns, and other
    neighboring terrain where WPC probabilities predict a high risk
    70%) for 8+ inches of snow.


    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    Intense but compact low pressure will cross the Great Lakes today
    bringing blizzard, and near-blizzard conditions, to many areas.
    This low is being driven by a potent shortwave which is progged to
    briefly close off near the MN Arrowhead tonight (pre-forecast
    period) and then slowly open as it pivots eastward on Friday. This
    will result in the occlusion of the accompanying surface low over
    MI, leading to a brief slowing of the low before it then picks up
    speed and races east into New England Saturday before exiting into
    the Canadian Maritimes.

    This event will be considerable for the Great Lakes. The
    combination of the deep surface low, impressive upper shortwave,
    and the LFQ of zonally oriented jet streak arcing from the Pacific
    Northwest will drive intense deep layer lift. Within this region of
    deep layer omega, impressive mesoscale ascent will aid through fgen
    thanks to WAA lifting into a TROWAL, and a deformation axis which
    will pivot N/NW of the surface low. Additionally, low-level flow
    across Lake Superior from the east will lift orographically into
    the Arrowhead/Iron Ranges bringing locally even heavier snow.

    The setup is favorable for intense snowfall rates, despite SLRs
    that may become fractured due to strong winds leading to blizzard
    and near-blizzard conditions. The snow character may be drastically
    different in some places too, with WAA leading to a heavier-wet
    snow across the L.P. of MI, and more near-climo or fluffier/lighter
    snow across the U.P. and into the Arrowhead. Regardless, the HREF
    probabilities for 1"/hr snowfall reach above 70-80% in many areas,
    with 2+"/hr snowfall rates possible at times thanks to CSI. Where
    this snow is most intense and lingers the longest on D1, WPC
    probabilities predict a high chance (>70%) of at least 6 inches
    (after 12Z this morning) for the Huron Mountains of the U.P. as
    well as near the Tip of the Mitt, with lighter accumulations
    surrounding these areas.

    As the low continues to pivot eastward late D1 into D2, a=20
    resurgence of WAA will expand precipitation into New England, and a
    secondary low may develop near the coast of ME Saturday morning.
    Total forcing for ascent and available moisture will likely be less
    than areas upstream (in the Great Lakes), but periods of heavy snow
    both within WAA and along an inverted trough/occluded front
    upstream from the secondary low pressure will result in areas of
    heavy snowfall with rates again potentially reaching 1"/hr. WPC
    probabilities across the Northeast are as high as 90% for 4+ inches
    in the Tug Hill and southern Adirondacks, with probabilities
    reaching 50-70% for the Chautauqua Ridge, and parts of the higher
    terrain of VT/NH/ME. A local maxima is also possible along the
    coast of ME where onshore flow ahead of the secondary low pressure
    advects higher moisture onshore.


    ...Northern High Plains through the Upper Midwest...
    Days 1-3...

    ...Blizzard likely this weekend with widespread major impacts and
    potentially record-breaking snowfall for the Upper Midwest and=20
    Great Lakes...

    Guidance is consolidating around a rapidly strengthening low which
    will develop in the lee of the Rockies Saturday night and then
    track northeast through Monday before occluding and then exiting
    after the forecast period. While the primary low is going to be the
    one that brings the most substantial impacts, this system will, in
    reality, driven by two distinct surface lows embedded within the
    amplifying mid-level pattern and accompanying coupled jet streaks.

    The event really begins today across the High Plains as moisture
    streaming onshore within an impressive IVT plume (atmospheric
    river) continues to push well inland leading to a surge in
    PW/column moisture across Montana. The accompanying upper jet
    streak arcing zonally across the region working in tandem with a
    surface stationary front will cause snowfall to break out and
    spread WNW to ESE across the state. Overall ascent during D1 across
    this area appears modest as noted by omega fields and regional
    soundings, but the impressive PW anomalies (nearing +2 sigma) will
    support periods of moderate snowfall from MT through parts of SD.
    The heaviest accumulations are likely in the higher terrain, with
    otherwise modest accumulations expected D1. Where the heaviest snow
    occurs, generally just east of the Continental Divide, WPC
    probabilities are high (>70%) for at least 4 inches of snow for
    much of central and southern MT, with locally more than 8 inches
    possible in the Little Belt range.

    The more significant portion of this event begins Saturday /D2/ as
    lee cyclogenesis begins in more impressive fashion east of CO/WY. A
    shortwave digging onshore the British Columbia coast Friday night
    will begin to amplify as it digs into the Central Rockies Saturday
    night. The rapid amplification of this shortwave will drive
    impressive height falls downstream, with impressive jet streak
    intensification occurring as a result. The overlap of height falls
    with this jet development will lead to a rapidly deepening surface
    low tracking from CO to IA before 12Z Sunday. As the jet begins to
    kink southward, it will continue to produce heavy snow, with an
    expansion across MT due to mid-level divergence downstream of the=20 approaching shortwave. At this time the snowfall rates should
    become more intense through 00Z/Sun across MT, with additional
    snowfall of 4+ inches possible (50-70%) for much of the eastern
    half of the state.

    After 00Z Sunday is when this event truly becomes a major winter
    event with widespread considerable impacts. As the surface low
    begins to lift northeast from the Central Plains it will encounter
    dual moisture streams, one from the decaying AR pushing east, and=20
    a second as the theta-e ridge begins to arc northward on=20
    intensifying WAA/southerly flow out of the Gulf. The overlap of=20
    robust deep layer ascent with maximizing moisture return will=20
    deepen the low substantially, and help expand a considerable=20
    precipitation shield, with heavy snow arcing from SD through the=20
    Great Lakes by the end of D2, and then slowly pivoting northeast=20
    while continuing through D3 as the surface low reaches MI by=20
    12Z/Monday.

    The synoptic setup is extremely favorable for a classic Midwest
    winter storm with widespread intense snowfall. Embedded bands=20
    with snowfall rates of 1-3"/hr are expected as reflected by high=20
    potential for CSI and even CI in model cross-sections Sunday aftn=20
    into Monday which drives intense omega into the TROWAL. Although=20
    guidance has trended slightly north tonight, there is high=20
    confidence in a laterally translating band of heavy snow from SD=20
    into MN Sunday morning, with the environment transiting into one
    that matches the conceptual model for a pivoting band over eastern
    MN and WI Sunday evening into Monday, It is in this area where the
    heaviest snowfall is expected, and potentially record, or near-
    record 2-day snowfall is possible from eastern MN through WI and
    northern MI. Elsewhere, snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are still=20
    likely at times, just with lesser duration. These snowfall rates=20
    combined with gusty winds reaching 50 mph will create blizzard and near-blizzard conditions, with major to extreme impacts progged by
    the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that get lower snow totals, the=20
    blowing snow potential will still result in difficult travel, and=20
    it is likely that most forms of transportation will be treacherous
    at best, and impossible at worst, through the event across a large
    area.

    2-day WPC probabilities ending 12Z Monday are impressive, and
    suggest a high likelihood (>70%) for at least 12 inches from the
    Buffalo Ridge eastward through the Twin Cities, across much of WI,
    and through all of the U.P. of MI. Within this axis, WPC
    probabilities for at least 24" are already above 50%, and some
    locations may approach 3 feet before the event winds down Tuesday.
    Outside of this axis of heaviest snow, a broad swath of at least 6
    inches is likely (>70%) from far western SD through central IA and
    northeast into central MI.=20

    Finally, on the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southeast WI and into lower MI. The most significant icing
    is expected for lower MI where WPC probabilities for at least 0.25"
    of ice reach as high as 30-50%.

    This storm could result in record snowfall in some places, and=20
    with SLRs being slightly below climo, combined with the strong=20
    winds, power outages and long-lasting impacts are expected. For=20
    these reasons, Winter storm key messages are in effect, and are=20
    linked below (Key Message 1).


    Weiss


    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!4CUm3VHbp2eO8zz-iqQs-CRbN5QXMmbP5hCf54RPoQaUg= 2fX7_B0T69JzXePtJCSfYDZOvjQXHU45DO1_ExR7dKcoiw$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 13 18:21:23 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 131821
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    221 PM EDT Fri Mar 13 2026

    Valid 12Z Fri Mar 13 2026 - 12Z Mon Mar 16 2026

    ...Northern High Plains through the Upper Midwest...
    Days 1-3...

    ...Blizzard likely this weekend with widespread major impacts and record-breaking snowfall for portions of the Upper Midwest and=20
    Great Lakes...

    Guidance is consolidating around a rapidly strengthening low which
    will develop in the lee of the Rockies Saturday and then track=20
    east through Sunday to the Mississippi Valley, then turn northeast=20
    Monday before occluding and then exiting. While the primary low is
    going to be the one that brings the most substantial impacts, this
    system will, in reality, driven by two distinct surface lows=20
    embedded within the amplifying mid-level pattern and accompanying=20
    coupled jet streaks.

    The event really has already begun across the High Plains of
    Montana as moisture streaming onshore within an impressive IVT=20
    plume (atmospheric river) continues to push well inland leading to=20
    a surge in PW/column moisture across the northern Plains. The=20
    accompanying upper jet streak arcing zonally across the region=20
    working in tandem with a surface stationary front will cause=20
    snowfall to continue to spread ESE-ward. Overall ascent during D1=20
    across this area appears modest as noted by omega fields and=20
    regional soundings, but the impressive PW anomalies (nearing +2=20
    sigma) will support periods of moderate snowfall from MT through=20
    parts of SD. The heaviest accumulations are likely in the higher=20
    terrain, with otherwise modest accumulations expected D1. Where the
    heaviest snow occurs, generally just east of the Continental=20
    Divide, WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least 4 inches of=20
    snow for much of central and southern MT, with locally more than 8=20
    inches possible in the Little Belt range.

    The more significant portion of this event begins Saturday as lee=20 cyclogenesis begins in more impressive fashion east of CO/WY. A=20
    shortwave digging onshore the British Columbia coast tonight will=20
    begin to amplify as it digs into the Central Rockies Saturday=20
    night. The rapid amplification of this shortwave will drive=20
    impressive height falls downstream, with impressive jet streak=20 intensification occurring as a result. The overlap of height falls=20
    with this jet development will lead to a rapidly deepening surface=20
    low tracking from CO to IA before 12Z Sunday. As the jet begins to=20
    kink southward, it will continue to produce heavy snow, with an=20
    expansion across MT due to mid-level divergence downstream of the=20 approaching shortwave. At this time the snowfall rates should=20
    become more intense through 00Z/Sun across MT, with additional=20
    snowfall of 4+ inches possible (50-70%) for much of the eastern=20
    half of the state.

    After 00Z Sunday is when this event truly becomes a major winter
    event with widespread considerable impacts. As the surface low
    continues east from the Central Plains it will encounter dual=20
    moisture streams, one from the decaying AR pushing east, and a=20
    second as the theta-e ridge begins to arc northward on intensifying WAA/southerly flow out of the Gulf. The overlap of robust deep=20
    layer ascent with maximizing moisture return will deepen the low=20 substantially, and help expand a considerable precipitation shield,
    with heavy snow arcing from SD through the Great Lakes by Sunday
    morning, and then slowly pivoting northeast while continuing=20
    through D3 as the surface low moves into Ontario by 00Z/Tuesday.

    The synoptic setup is extremely favorable for a classic Midwest
    winter storm with widespread intense snowfall. Embedded bands=20
    with snowfall rates of 1-3"/hr are expected as reflected by high=20
    potential for CSI and even CI in model cross-sections Sunday aftn=20
    into Monday which drives intense omega into the TROWAL. Although=20
    guidance has trended north, there is high confidence in a=20
    laterally translating band of heavy snow from SD into MN Sunday=20
    morning, with the environment transiting into one that matches the=20 conceptual model for a pivoting band over eastern MN and WI Sunday=20
    evening into Monday, It is in this area where the heaviest snowfall
    is expected, and potentially record, or near- record 2-day=20
    snowfall is possible from eastern MN through WI and northern MI.=20
    Elsewhere, snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are still likely at=20
    times, just with lesser duration. These snowfall rates combined=20
    with gusty winds reaching up to 60 mph will create blizzard and=20
    near- blizzard conditions and whiteouts, with major to extreme=20
    impacts progged by the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that get lower=20
    snow totals, the blowing snow potential will still result in=20
    difficult travel, and it is likely that most forms of=20
    transportation will be treacherous at best, and impossible at=20
    worst, through the event across a large area from Montana to
    Michigan, and everywhere in between.

    2-day WPC probabilities ending 12Z Monday are impressive, and
    suggest a high likelihood (>70%) for at least 12 inches from the
    Buffalo Ridge eastward through the Twin Cities, across much of WI,
    and through all of the U.P. of MI. Within this axis, WPC
    probabilities for at least 24" are already above 50%, and some
    locations may approach 3 feet before the event winds down Tuesday.
    Outside of this axis of heaviest snow, a broad swath of at least 6
    inches is likely (>70%) from far western SD through central IA and
    northeast into central MI. Similarly impressive, the 07Z NBM 5%
    probabilities (meaning a 95% chance of seeing more), show amounts
    over a foot from Central Wisconsin around Wausau east to north of
    Green Bay, along the north shore of Lake Michigan over to the=20
    Straits of Mackinac.

    Finally, on the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southeast WI and into lower MI. The most significant icing
    is expected for lower MI where WPC probabilities for at least 0.25"
    of ice are between 30-50%.

    This storm could result in record snowfall in some places, and=20
    with SLRs being slightly below climo, combined with the strong=20
    winds, power outages and long-lasting impacts are expected. For=20
    these reasons, Winter storm key messages are in effect, and are=20
    linked below (Key Message 1).


    ...Cascades Through The Northern Rockies...=20
    Day 1...

    ...Washington Cascades Major Winter Storm continues today...

    An atmospheric river (AR) will wane tonight as an area of IVT with
    around 500 kg/m/s continues to advect inland into the Pacific
    Northwest and weakens. This AR will sink south into Oregon and
    weaken overnight. Associated moisture already inland over the=20
    Northern Rockies will continue the heavy snow into tonight,
    tapering off from west to east.

    There is high confidence in heavy snow tonight across the Northern
    Rockies before precipitation wanes on Saturday with much lighter=20
    snow. The more challenging aspect is what will happen with snow=20
    levels across the region. As a surface cold front digs south in=20
    conjunction with an upper level shortwave, snow levels will crash=20
    across the Oregon Cascades and Idaho Panhandle, but with much=20
    lighter precipitation during that transition in Oregon. In Idaho
    and points south and east, the moisture will be slower to exit (as
    there will be more of it as remnants of the A.R. This suggests=20
    that considerable impacts will continue at the higher elevations of
    the Northern Rockies, with lesser snowfall and impacts expected=20
    across the Oregon Cascades.

    This is reflected by WPC probabilities that show at least 4 inches
    of additional snowfall D1 in the Blue Mountains, the Bitterroots,=20
    the higher elevations of NW WY near Yellowstone NP, and the=20
    Sawtooth/Salmon River ranges. By Saturday, snowfall persisting=20
    across the Cascades wanes rapidly leaving just light additional=20 accumulations, but heavy snow will continue across the Wind Rivers,
    Absarokas, Tetons, Big Horns, and other neighboring terrain where=20
    WPC probabilities predict a high risk (>70%) for 8+ inches of snow.


    ...Great Lakes into the Northeast...
    Day 1...

    Intense but compact low pressure will continue crossing the Great=20
    Lakes into the Northeast tonight and Saturday, bringing blizzard=20
    and near-blizzard conditions to many areas. This low is being=20
    driven by a potent but progressive shortwave which is progged to=20
    continue driving northeast off the coast of Maine by Saturday
    afternoon. The accompanying surface low over MI will picks up=20
    speed and race east into New England Saturday before exiting into=20
    the Canadian Maritimes.

    As the low moves into the Northeast tonight, resurgence of WAA=20
    will expand precipitation into New England, and a secondary low may
    develop near the coast of ME Saturday morning. Total forcing for=20
    ascent and available moisture will likely be less than areas=20
    upstream (in the Great Lakes), but periods of heavy snow both=20
    within WAA and along an inverted trough/occluded front upstream=20
    from the secondary low pressure will result in areas of heavy=20
    snowfall with rates again potentially reaching 1"/hr. WPC=20
    probabilities across the Northeast are as high as 80% for 4+ inches
    in the Tug Hill and southern Adirondacks, with probabilities=20
    reaching 40-60% for the Chautauqua Ridge, and parts of the higher=20
    terrain of VT/NH/ME. A local maxima is also possible along the=20
    coast and interior mountains of ME where onshore flow ahead of the
    secondary low pressure advects higher moisture onshore.

    Wegman/Weiss


    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect for the blizzard into
    the upper Midwest and Great Lakes this weekend through Monday.=20
    Please see current Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!_NSB2DTD1F6imMymt-Wtj7XgWd7Pbh0hsQzO2XVi3KNqk= 7rI7-GBiAMUd83G1GtCUJp3CRKMXwQzEqolYjJXAQXfpe4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 14 07:28:40 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 140728
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    328 AM EDT Sat Mar 14 2026

    Valid 12Z Sat Mar 14 2026 - 12Z Tue Mar 17 2026

    ...Northern High Plains through the Great Lakes...=20
    Days 1-3...

    ...Blizzard likely this weekend with widespread major impacts and record-breaking snowfall for portions of the Upper Midwest and=20
    Great Lakes...

    Confidence continues to be high in a widespread major winter storm
    from the Northern Plains through the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes
    as a lee surface low lifts northeast and rapidly deepens into an
    increasingly moist column. While it is this lee cyclone that will
    be responsible for the most significant impacts, this event is
    really two-pronged with the first event already ongoing across the
    Northern High Plains.

    Across the High Plains of Montana, moisture continues to stream
    onshore within an impressive IVT plume (atmospheric river)=20
    pushing well inland leading to a surge in PW/column moisture=20
    across the northern Plains. The accompanying upper jet streak=20
    arcing zonally across the region working in tandem with a surface=20
    stationary front will cause snowfall to continue to spread ESE-=20
    ward. Overall ascent during D1 across this area appears modest as=20
    noted by omega fields and regional soundings, but the impressive PW
    anomalies (nearing +2 sigma) will support periods of moderate=20
    snowfall from MT through parts of SD. The heaviest accumulations=20
    are likely in the higher terrain, with lower accumulations expected
    elsewhere across the High Plains today. Where the heaviest snow=20
    occurs, generally just east of the Continental Divide, WPC
    probabilities are high (>70%) for at least an additional 4" of
    snowfall through tonight, with more than 8" possible in the higher
    elevations around the Little Belts.

    The more significant portion of this event begins this afternoon=20
    as lee cyclogenesis begins in more impressive fashion east of=20
    CO/WY. A shortwave digging onshore the British Columbia coast=20
    tonight will begin to amplify as it digs into the Central Rockies=20
    Saturday night. The rapid amplification of this shortwave will=20
    drive impressive height falls downstream, with impressive jet=20
    streak intensification occurring as a result. The overlap of height
    falls with this jet development will lead to a rapidly deepening=20
    surface low tracking from CO to IA before 12Z Sunday.=20

    After 00Z Sunday is when this event truly becomes a major winter
    event with widespread considerable impacts. As the surface low
    continues east from the Central Plains it will encounter dual=20
    moisture streams, one from the decaying AR pushing east, and a=20
    second as the theta-e ridge begins to arc northward on intensifying WAA/southerly flow out of the Gulf. The overlap of robust deep=20
    layer ascent with maximizing moisture return will deepen the low=20 substantially, and help expand a considerable precipitation shield,
    with heavy snow arcing from SD through the Great Lakes by Sunday
    morning, and then slowly pivoting northeast while continuing=20
    through D3 as the surface low moves into Ontario by 00Z/Tuesday.

    The synoptic setup is extremely favorable for a classic Midwest
    winter storm with widespread intense snowfall. Embedded bands=20
    with snowfall rates of 1-3"/hr are expected as reflected by high=20
    potential for CSI and even CI in model cross-sections Sunday aftn=20
    into Monday which drives intense omega into the TROWAL. Although=20
    guidance has continued to trend north, there is high confidence in
    a laterally translating band of heavy snow from SD into MN Sunday=20
    morning, with the environment transiting into one that matches the=20 conceptual model for a pivoting band over eastern MN and WI Sunday=20
    evening into Monday, It is in this area where the heaviest snowfall
    is expected, and potentially record, or near-record 2-day snowfall
    is possible from eastern MN through WI and northern MI. Elsewhere,
    snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are still likely at times, just=20
    with lesser duration. These snowfall rates combined with gusty=20
    winds reaching up to 60 mph will create blizzard and near-blizzard
    conditions and whiteouts, with major to extreme impacts progged by
    the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that get lower snow totals, the=20
    blowing snow potential will still result in difficult travel, and=20
    it is likely that most forms of transportation will be treacherous=20
    at best, and impossible at worst, through the event across a large=20
    area from Montana to Michigan, and everywhere in between.

    Event-total snowfall is likely to be extreme in some areas. This is
    reflected by 72-hr WPC probabilities (ending 12Z Tuesday) that are
    high (>70%) for at least 12" from the Coteau des Prairies of SD
    eastward through the Twin Cities, across much of north-central WI,
    and the entirety of the U.P. of MI. Where snowfall is most
    prolific, likely in northern WI and the U.P of MI, WPC
    probabilities indicate a 70-90+% chance of at least 24", and
    localized totals of 3-4 feet are possible before this event ends.=20
    This could result in record snowfall in some places, and with SLRs
    being slightly below climo, combined with the strong winds, power=20
    outages and long-lasting impacts are expected. For these reasons,=20
    Winter storm key messages are in effect, and are linked below (Key=20
    Message 1).

    On the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed=20
    precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southeast WI and into lower MI. The most significant icing
    is expected for lower MI where WPC probabilities for at least=20
    0.25" of ice have climbed to over 50%, and the axis of higher
    probabilities for at least 0.10" of ice have extended back into SE
    WI.

    As this system finally departs late D3, pronounced CAA on NW flow
    in its wake could result in some lake effect snow in the favored NW
    snow belts downstream of all the Great Lakes. WPC probabilities are
    moderate (50%) for at least 4" of snow from LES in SW MI, as well
    as along the Chautauqua Ridge and into the Tug Hill Plateau.
    Additional heavy snow will occur near Marquette, MI as well, adding
    onto the extreme snowfall event there the next few days.


    ...Cascades, Northern & Central Rockies...=20
    Day 1...

    The persistent atmospheric river (AR) which has plagued the Pacific
    and Interior Northwest the past several days will finally come to=20
    an end Saturday as the IVT plume weakens and sinks southward into
    CA. This will be the result of the intensifying shortwave diving
    out of British Columbia and pushing a surface low pressure east,
    which will then trail its accompanying cold front southward into
    the Great Basin. Much of of the available moisture will be focused
    ahead of this front, so as the front digs south, the moisture will
    follow, bringing a slow end to this impressive event. Strong
    ascent will continue, at least the first half of the period, into
    the Northern Rockies, with ascent expanding into the Central
    Rockies as well, and this is where the heaviest snowfall is
    expected before everything shifts into the middle of the country by
    D2. Additional snowfall in the Cascades is expected to be minimal,
    but WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least 6 additional
    inches in the Absarokas, Tetons, and Wind Rivers, with locally more
    than 12 inches possible in the higher elevations.


    ...Northeast...=20
    Day 1...

    The intense and compact low pressure over the Great Lakes tonight
    will eject eastward with secondary cyclogenesis expected along the
    coast of Maine Saturday morning. Although this low will become=20
    dominant as it pivots into the Canadian Maritimes, an elongated=20
    inverted trough extending west from this low will maintain ascent=20
    across the Northeast much of Saturday.

    Continued impressive WAA/theta-e advection into ME will manifest as
    periods of heavy snow across that state, especially just northeast
    of the surface low and up along the eastern half of the state.=20
    This is where the heaviest snow rates are expected, and may exceed=20
    1"/hr as suggested by HREF probabilities surpassing 70% across=20
    eastern Maine. Here, WPC probabilities indicate a 50-90% chance of
    4+ inches of snow today.
    =20
    Farther west, NW flow along and behind the residual inverted trough
    will leave periods of light to moderate snow across the interior=20
    northeast, with local snowfall maxima occurring in favored upslope=20
    terrain and across the Tug Hill Plateau where some lake enhancement
    off Lake Ontario is expected. Snowfall inland may be less than
    along the coast, but WPC probabilities indicate around a 70% chance
    of 4+" of snow, highest across the Tug Hill Plateau and Green
    Mountains of VT, before the system exits and snow ends by Sunday=20
    morning.


    Weiss



    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!7M5ro4GT31sY3zKNuesvKLtIgiKZkjMEGn_kmMJwtIprZ= a6Uy7J48cciO8XAeFRYymT66kYFHU9djMdFC8k1wQNJfvE$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 14 19:48:12 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 141948
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    348 PM EDT Sat Mar 14 2026

    Valid 00Z Sun Mar 15 2026 - 00Z Wed Mar 18 2026

    ...Northern High Plains through the Great Lakes...=20
    Days 1-3...

    ...Blizzard expected this weekend with widespread major impacts=20
    and record-breaking snowfall for portions of the Upper Midwest and=20
    Great Lakes...

    Confidence continues to be high for a widespread major winter=20
    storm from the Northern Plains through the Upper Midwest and Great=20
    Lakes as a lee surface low lifts northeast and rapidly deepens into
    an increasingly moist column. While it is this lee cyclone that=20
    will be responsible for the most significant impacts, this event is
    really two-pronged with the first event already ongoing across the
    Northern High Plains.

    The more significant portion of this event has begun this=20
    afternoon as lee cyclogenesis begins in more impressive fashion=20
    east of CO/WY. A digging shortwave over Idaho, Montana, and=20
    Wyoming will drive impressive height falls downstream, with=20
    impressive jet streak intensification occurring as a result. The=20
    overlap of height falls with this jet development will lead to a=20
    rapidly deepening surface low tracking from CO to IA before 12Z=20
    Sunday.=20

    After 00Z Sunday is when this event truly becomes a major winter
    event with widespread considerable impacts. As the surface low
    continues east from the Central Plains it will encounter dual=20
    moisture streams, one from the decaying AR pushing east, and a=20
    second as the theta-e ridge begins to arc northward on intensifying WAA/southerly flow out of the Gulf. The overlap of robust deep=20
    layer ascent with maximizing moisture return will deepen the low=20 substantially, and help expand a considerable precipitation shield,
    with heavy snow arcing from SD through the Great Lakes by Sunday
    morning, and then slowly pivoting northeast while continuing=20
    through D3 as the surface low moves into Ontario by 00Z/Tuesday.

    The synoptic setup is extremely favorable for a classic Midwest
    winter storm with widespread intense snowfall. Embedded bands=20
    with snowfall rates of 1-3"/hr are expected as reflected by high=20
    potential for CSI and even CI in model cross-sections Sunday aftn=20
    into Monday which drives intense omega into the TROWAL. Although=20
    guidance has continued to trend north, there is high confidence in
    a laterally translating band of heavy snow from SD into MN Sunday=20
    morning, with the environment transiting into one that matches the=20 conceptual model for a pivoting band over eastern MN and WI Sunday=20
    evening into Monday, It is in this area where the heaviest snowfall
    is expected, and potentially record, or near-record 2-day snowfall
    is possible from eastern MN through WI and northern MI. Elsewhere,
    snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are still likely at times, just=20
    with lesser duration. These snowfall rates combined with gusty=20
    winds reaching up to 60 mph will create blizzard and near-blizzard
    conditions and whiteouts, with major to extreme impacts progged by
    the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that get lower snow totals, the=20
    blowing snow potential will still result in difficult travel, and=20
    it is likely that most forms of transportation will be treacherous=20
    at best, and impossible at worst, through the event across a large=20
    area from Montana to Michigan, and everywhere in between.

    Event-total snowfall is likely to be extreme in some areas. This is
    reflected by 72-hr WPC probabilities (ending 12Z Tuesday) that are
    high (>70%) for at least 12" from the Coteau des Prairies of SD
    eastward through the Twin Cities, across much of north-central WI,
    and the entirety of the U.P. of MI. Where snowfall is most
    prolific, likely in northern WI and the U.P of MI, WPC
    probabilities indicate a 70-90+% chance of at least 24", and
    localized totals of 3-4 feet are possible before this event ends.=20
    This could result in record snowfall in some places, and with SLRs
    being slightly below climo, combined with the strong winds, power=20
    outages and long-lasting impacts are expected. For these reasons,=20
    Winter storm key messages are in effect, and are linked below (Key=20
    Message 1).

    After 00Z Tuesday, snowfall rates will be waning rapidly in direct
    association with the storm, transitioning more and more to lake-
    effect snows downwind of all of the lakes. Pronounced CAA on NW=20
    flow in its wake could result in some lake effect snow in the=20
    favored NW snow belts downstream of all the Great Lakes. WPC=20
    probabilities are moderate (50%) for at least 4" of snow from LES=20
    in SW MI, as well as along the Chautauqua Ridge and into the Tug=20
    Hill Plateau. Additional heavy snow will occur near Marquette, MI=20
    as well, adding onto the extreme snowfall event there the next few=20
    days. The lake- effect will continue into Tuesday morning before=20
    largely dissipating.

    On the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed=20
    precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southeast WI and into lower MI. The most significant icing
    is expected for lower MI where WPC probabilities for at least=20
    0.25" of ice have climbed to near 60%, and the axis of higher=20
    probabilities for at least 0.10" of ice have extended back into SE=20
    MN.

    Wegman/Weiss


    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!7bG1910CLlgLJuzDPd_Vczrgw-IRTElc1yUV_8uBMMFVE= vbn7GQcCSQee7usdL_U3DMmDf_kaBI_viSxwjX0jWTvFfk$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 15 08:01:44 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 150801
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    401 AM EDT Sun Mar 15 2026

    Valid 12Z Sun Mar 15 2026 - 12Z Wed Mar 18 2026

    ...Northern High Plains through the Great Lakes...=20
    Days 1-3...

    ...Blizzard expected this weekend with widespread major impacts=20
    and record-breaking snowfall for portions of the Upper Midwest and=20
    Great Lakes...

    Confidence continues to be high for a widespread major winter=20
    storm across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes as a lee surface=20
    low lifts northeast and rapidly deepens into an increasingly moist=20
    column. Snowfall from Minnesota through Wisconsin and northern
    Michigan, including the U.P, will breach 12" in many locations with
    areas of northern WI into the U.P. likely to exceed 24" by the
    storms closure.

    Current WV satellite and UA analysis indicates a maturing synoptic
    evolution with a digging shortwave across WY and an attendant=20
    surface low currently analyzed over the western High Plains of=20
    Kansas. As the shortwave trough digs further to the southeast, flow
    will become increasingly meridional over the Central Plains to=20
    Mississippi Valley with the trough axis forecast to tilt neutral
    to eventually negative with the 5H height pattern expected to close
    off near or over IA by later this evening. Surface low will trek
    northeast over the course of Sunday, intensifying slowly as it
    migrates towards the southern edge of Lake Michigan by nightfall.
    As the upper pattern closes off and takes on the negative trough
    orientation, surface low will rapidly intensifying as it begins to
    enter into its full maturation phase as the primary heights from
    850mb to 500mb become more vertically stacked into Monday morning.
    The cyclone will finally reach occlusion phase by Monday afternoon,
    but surface low pressure will likely be down into the upper 970s by
    this juncture over the western Great Lakes, solidifying its
    presence with an all-out blizzard for a large chunk of the Midwest
    and Great Lakes region. Moisture convergence occurring during the=20
    storms life cycle emanating from the decaying AR pushing east, and
    a budding theta-e ridge arcing northward on intensifying=20
    WAA/southerly flow out of the Gulf will help provide substantial=20
    deep layer moisture poleward, as far north as the western Ontario=20
    Province in Canada, a testament to the overall fortitude of this=20 disturbance. The overlap of robust deep layer ascent with=20
    maximizing moisture return will deepen the low substantially, and=20
    aid in the expansion of a considerable precipitation shield, with=20
    heavy snow arcing from SD through the Great Lakes already as of the
    pre-dawn hours Sunday. Precip field will slowly pivot northeast=20
    while continuing through D2 as the surface low moves into Ontario=20
    by 00Z/Tuesday.

    Little change in the relevant synoptic details referenced in the=20
    last forecast as guidance remains steadfast in all facets of this=20
    storms anticipated evolution. The synoptic setup is extremely=20
    favorable for a classic Midwest winter storm with widespread=20
    intense snowfall. Embedded bands with snowfall rates of 1-3"/hr are
    expected as reflected by high potential for CSI and even CI in=20
    model cross- sections Sunday aftn into Monday which drives intense=20
    omega into the TROWAL. There remains high confidence in a laterally
    translating band of heavy snow from SD into MN Sunday morning,=20
    with the environment transiting into one that matches the=20
    conceptual model for a pivoting band over eastern MN and=20
    WI/Michigan U.P. Sunday evening into Monday. It is in this area=20
    where the heaviest snowfall is expected, and potentially record, or
    near- record 2-day snowfall is possible from eastern MN through WI
    and northern MI. Elsewhere, snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are=20
    still likely at times, just with lesser duration. These snowfall=20
    rates combined with gusty winds reaching up to 60 mph will create=20
    blizzard and near-blizzard conditions and whiteouts, with major to=20
    extreme impacts progged by the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that=20
    get lower snow totals, the blowing snow potential will still result
    in difficult travel, and it is likely that most forms of=20
    transportation will be treacherous at best, and impossible at=20
    worst, through the event across a large area from Montana to=20
    Michigan, and everywhere in between.

    Event-total snowfall is likely to be extreme in some areas. This is
    reflected by 72-hr WPC probabilities (ending 12Z Tuesday) that are
    high (>70%) for at least 12" from southeast MN to points northeast
    through north- central WI, and the entirety of the U.P. of MI.=20
    Where snowfall is most prolific, likely in northeastern WI and the
    U.P of MI, WPC probabilities indicate a 70-90+% chance of at least
    24", and localized totals of 3-4 feet are possible before this=20
    event ends with the maxima positioned across the Huron Mountains=20
    downwind of Lake Superior. This could result in record snowfall in=20
    some places, and with SLRs being near to slightly below climo,=20
    combined with the strong winds, power outages and long- lasting=20
    impacts are expected. For these reasons, Winter storm key messages=20
    are in effect, and are linked below (Key Message 1).

    After 00Z Tuesday, snowfall rates will be waning rapidly in direct
    association with the storm, transitioning more and more to lake-
    effect snows downwind of all of the lakes. Pronounced CAA on NW=20
    flow in its wake could result in some lake effect snow in the=20
    favored NW snow belts downstream of all the Great Lakes. WPC=20
    probabilities are moderate (50%) for at least 4" of snow from LES=20
    in SW MI, as well as along the Chautauqua Ridge and into the Tug=20
    Hill Plateau. Additional heavy snow will occur near Marquette, MI=20
    as well, adding onto the extreme snowfall event there the next few=20
    days bring storm and LES combination totals towards the 4-5ft range
    by Tuesday afternoon. The lake- effect will continue into Tuesday=20
    morning before largely dissipating.

    On the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed=20
    precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southern WI and into the northern mit in lower MI. The=20
    most significant icing is expected for the northern mit of MI=20
    where WPC probabilities for at least 0.25" of ice have settled=20
    between 40-70%, and the axis of higher probabilities for at least=20
    0.10" of ice have extended back into southern WI.


    ...Central Appalachians...

    Powerful cyclone over the Great Lakes will provide a strong cold
    front trailing the primary surface low as it migrates eastward
    through much of the country east of the Mississippi. Once the cold
    front advances beyond the Appalachian front, strong cold air
    advection (CAA) regime will transpire with rain changing to snow
    for the mountains of western PA down through western MD and the
    adjacent WV Highlands. Elevations >2000ft will see some snowfall
    with the greatest accums focused over areas >2500ft, a general
    climo output for this type of evolution. WPC probabilities for >4"
    of snowfall are between 20-40% for the entire Appalachian chain of
    western PA down through WV. Maxima of 40-60% is located over the
    Canaan Valley down into Snowshoe, WV where some deterministic
    output are printing out upwards of 6-8" of high ratio snowfall
    post-fropa. Setup and magnitude of the upslope flow is classic for
    this scenario allowing for growing confidence in at least minor
    impacts for the terrain of the Mid Atlantic.=20

    Weiss/Kleebauer



    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!5Mz4bRZVZZ9RVDTb1sBqsu4WHXcb-lCcyrgMk_jU8_b5T= PaB831GnEHgCTyaR_6m85bP8GQekWHF3E-8MTlD2oSyFkY$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 15 18:06:23 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 151805
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    205 PM EDT Sun Mar 15 2026

    Valid 00Z Mon Mar 16 2026 - 00Z Thu Mar 19 2026

    ...Upper Mississippi Valley through the Great Lakes...=20
    Days 1-3...

    ...Historic blizzard ongoing through Monday with widespread major=20
    impacts and record-breaking snowfall for portions of the Upper=20
    Midwest and Great Lakes...

    Confidence continues to be high for a widespread major winter=20
    storm across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes as a lee surface=20
    low lifts northeast and rapidly deepens into an increasingly moist=20
    column. Snowfall from Minnesota through Wisconsin and northern
    Michigan, including the U.P, will breach 12" in many locations with
    areas of northern WI into the U.P. likely to reach 2-4 feet of
    accumulation through Monday night.

    A rapidly developing surface low, currently centered near the Quad
    Cities of Iowa/Illinois, is being supported both by a digging=20
    upper level trough to its west over Nebraska and Kansas and the=20
    RER of a 160 kt jet streak to its north and east. A couple of lines
    of showers and storms are moving across Iowa and eastern Illinois,
    supported by a southwesterly low level jet, pumping in Gulf=20
    moisture and locally increasing both shear and unstable, warm air,
    feeding the storms. As the shortwave trough digs further to the=20
    southeast, flow will become increasingly meridional over the=20
    Central Plains to Mississippi Valley with the trough axis forecast=20
    to tilt neutral to eventually negative with the 500 mb height=20
    pattern expected to close off near or over IA by later this=20
    evening. Meanwhile, a maturing "comma-head" has emerged that is
    largely snow from Nebraska through the U.P. and into Ontario. There
    have already been reports of snow rates of 4 inches per hour, as
    several locations have eclipsed the 20 inch mark for accumulations
    into Minnesota and Wisconsin.=20


    The surface low center will track east into this evening,=20
    intensifying as it then turns northeast towards the Straits of
    Mackinac by Monday afternoon. As the upper pattern takes on the=20
    negative trough orientation, the surface low will rapidly=20
    intensify as it begins to enter into its full maturation phase.=20
    The primary heights from 850mb to 500mb become more vertically=20
    stacked into Monday morning. The cyclone will finally reach=20
    occlusion phase by Monday afternoon, but surface low pressure will=20
    likely be down into the upper 970s by this juncture over the=20
    western Great Lakes, solidifying its presence with an all-out=20
    blizzard for a large chunk of the Midwest and Great Lakes region.=20
    A classic comma-shaped storm will develop, with cold conveyor belt
    supplying ample Gulf moisture into some unusually cold air for this
    time of year on the north side of the storm. Thus, expect multiple
    bands of heavy snow to develop, which will likely remain nearly
    stationary as they pivot around the northeastward-tracking surface
    low. Where these stationary bands remain in place the longest is
    where the highest snow totals with this storm will be realized.

    There has been little change in the relevant synoptic details=20
    referenced in the last forecast as guidance remains steadfast in=20
    all facets of this storms anticipated evolution. The synoptic setup
    is extremely favorable for a classic Midwest winter storm with=20
    widespread intense snowfall. Embedded bands with snowfall rates of=20
    1-3"/hr are expected as reflected by high potential for CSI and=20
    even CI in model cross- sections Sunday aftn into Monday which=20
    drives intense omega into the TROWAL. There remains high confidence
    in a pivoting band over eastern MN and WI/Michigan U.P. this=20
    evening into Monday. It is in this area where the heaviest snowfall
    is expected, and potentially record, or near- record 2-day=20
    snowfall is possible from eastern MN through WI and northern MI.=20

    Elsewhere, snowfall rates of 1"/hr or more are still likely at=20
    times, just with lesser duration. These snowfall rates combined=20
    with gusty winds reaching up to 60 mph will create blizzard and=20 near-blizzard conditions and whiteouts, with major to extreme=20
    impacts progged by the recent WSSI-P. Even in areas that get lower=20
    snow totals, the blowing snow potential will still result in=20
    difficult travel, and it is likely that most forms of=20
    transportation will be treacherous at best, and impossible at=20
    worst, through the event across a large area from Montana to=20
    Michigan, and everywhere in between.

    Event-total snowfall is likely to be extreme in some areas. This is
    reflected by 72-hr WPC probabilities (ending 00Z Wednesday) that=20
    are high (>70%) for at least 12" from southeast MN to points=20
    northeast through north- central WI, and the entirety of the U.P.=20
    of MI. Where snowfall is most prolific, likely in northeastern WI=20
    and the U.P of MI, WPC probabilities indicate a 70-90+% chance of=20
    at least 24", and localized totals of 3-4 feet are possible before=20
    this event ends with the maxima positioned across the Huron=20
    Mountains downwind of Lake Superior. This could result in record=20
    snowfall in some places, and with SLRs being near to slightly below
    climo, combined with the strong winds, power outages and long-=20
    lasting impacts are expected. For these reasons, Winter storm key=20
    messages are in effect, and are linked below (Key Message 1).

    After 00Z Tuesday, snowfall rates will be waning rapidly in direct
    association with the storm, transitioning more and more to lake-
    effect snows downwind of all of the lakes. Pronounced CAA on NW=20
    flow in its wake could result in some lake effect snow in the=20
    favored NW snow belts downstream of all the Great Lakes. WPC=20
    probabilities are moderate (50%) for at least 4" of snow from LES=20
    in SW MI, as well as along the Chautauqua Ridge and into the Tug=20
    Hill Plateau. Additional heavy snow will occur near Marquette, MI=20
    as well, adding onto the extreme snowfall event there the next few=20
    days bring storm and LES combination totals towards the 4-5ft range
    by Tuesday afternoon. The lake- effect will continue into Tuesday=20
    morning before largely dissipating.

    On the S/SE side of this snowfall swath, an axis of mixed=20
    precipitation is likely, leading to icing accretion from central IA
    through southern WI and into the northern mit in lower MI. The=20
    most significant icing is expected for the northern mitt of MI=20
    where WPC probabilities for at least 0.25" of ice have settled=20
    between 40-70%, and the axis of higher probabilities for at least=20
    0.10" of ice have extended back into southern WI.

    ...Post-storm lake-effect...

    Behind the storm, a very cold air mass, characterized by 850 mb
    temperatures within a couple degrees on either side of -20C, will
    plunge across all of the Great Lakes for the Days 2 and 3 periods
    from Monday night through Tuesday night. Widespread multi-bands are
    expected along the long axis of all of the upper Great Lakes, while
    the lake-effect will eventually congeal into single bands downwind
    of the lower lakes, especially Ontario. Fortunately, as far as
    lake-effect snowstorms go, this will be relatively short-lived,
    with the lake-effect ending on the upper lakes by late in the day
    Tuesday and on the lower lakes by Wednesday morning as 850 mb
    temperatures warm sufficiently to end the lake-effect. WPC
    probabilities for 4 inches of snow are high (>70%) for the
    southwest corner of Michigan, the Chautauqua Ridge of far western
    New York, and east of Lake Ontario. The Tug Hill region
    probabiliites are over 90% for 4 inches of snow.=20


    ...Central Appalachians...
    Day 2...


    A powerful cyclone over the Great Lakes will send a strong cold=20
    front eastward through much of the country east of the=20
    Mississippi. Once the cold front advances beyond the spine of the=20 Appalachians, a strong cold air advection (CAA) regime will=20
    transpire with rain changing to snow for the mountains of western=20
    PA down through western MD and the adjacent WV Highlands.=20
    Elevations >2000ft will see some snowfall with the greatest accums=20
    focused over areas >2500ft, a general climo output for this type of
    evolution. WPC probabilities for >4" of snowfall are between=20
    moderate to high (60-80%) from far western Maryland through WV. The
    setup and magnitude of the upslope flow is classic for this=20
    scenario allowing for growing confidence in at least minor impacts=20
    for the terrain of the Mid Atlantic.=20

    Wegman


    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!45USA_IH1VuxZq-iR1wGBLb2UqxgKNGXwDaXY8HsLLdoc= ugqTPlMIEddpP2rq7Lan9MbfZYOMPfUTxvjUyNQxrWTiH0$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 16 07:04:21 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 160704
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    304 AM EDT Mon Mar 16 2026

    Valid 12Z Mon Mar 16 2026 - 12Z Thu Mar 19 2026

    ...Upper Midwest through the Great Lakes...=20
    Days 1-3...

    ...Historic blizzard continues today...

    The historic blizzard which has been plaguing the Northern Plains
    and Upper Midwest will continue in earnest today across the Great
    Lakes. The strong surface low driving this impressive event will
    steadily advect northeast today after a brief stall this morning
    over Michigan during occlusion, leading to continued heavy snow
    from northern IL through the U.P. of MI. The low is expected to
    pull away well into Canada by 12Z/Tuesday, bringing a slow end to
    the blizzard.

    The heaviest additional snowfall is expected from southern WI
    through the U.P. of MI where snowfall rates above 1"/hr may (60-80%
    chance) continue through evening, with the heaviest snowfall
    expected in the higher terrain of the U.P. near the Huron
    Mountains. The most widespread heavy synoptic snow will wane after
    00Z/Tuesday, but before this occurs, the combination of these=20
    intense snowfall rates and gusty winds of up to 50 mph will
    continue blizzard conditions. The heaviest snowfall swath D1 is=20
    likely within the impressive deformation axis which will be
    pivoting west of the surface low as it lifts north, and this
    deformation is progged to dig as far south as IL/IA Monday morning.
    This will bring periods of heavy snow and gusty winds with near-
    blizzard conditions even south of the heaviest snow. However,
    WPC probabilities indicate the heaviest snow is likely for northern
    WI, including the Door Peninsula, into the U.P. of MI where they
    reach 50-90% for an additional 6+ inches of snow today, with
    locally more than 12 inches possible across the U.P. thanks to lake
    effect snow contribution (more on that below).

    The ongoing key messages for this historic blizzard remain, and are
    linked below (Key Message 1).

    As the low pulls away late D1 into D2, the heavy synoptic snow will
    draw to an end, but impressive NW winds and CAA in its wake will
    bring a period of widespread lake effect snow (LES) to the Great=20
    Lakes. Although the lake temperatures are cold, below +5C, and=20
    there is considerable ice cover according to GLERL, 850mb temps=20
    crashing to around -20C will create steep lapse rates and=20
    impressive inversion heights with pronounced omega into the near-=20
    surface DGZ. This should be more than sufficient to support heavy=20
    LES, with rates above 1"/hr (30-60% chance). While the duration of
    heavy LES may be somewhat limited as winds begin to weaken and veer
    as the low pulls away, there is sufficient time for locally heavy
    accumulations in the favored NW snow belts. WPC probabilities for
    LES are high D1 (>70%) for 4+ inches in the NW L.P. of MI near
    Traverse City, the far SW portions of the L.P. of MI, and greater
    than 50% along the Chautauqua Ridge and the Tug Hill Plateau. LES
    wanes in coverage D2 but persists heavily east of Lake Ontario
    where probabilities remain elevated (50-90%) for an additional 4+
    inches through Tuesday night.


    ...Central Appalachians & Mid-Atlantic states...
    Days 1-2...

    The strong low pressure /blizzard/ over the Great Lakes will
    steadily move northeast into Canada today, while the parent upper
    trough amplifies into the Tennessee Valley and takes on a negative
    tilt. This will push a powerful arctic cold front eastward across
    the Ohio Valley, Central Appalachians, and Mid-Atlantic states
    today. As this front races east, temperatures will plummet on
    strong CAA, while mid and upper level flow remains southerly in
    response to the strongly tilted and digging upper trough. This will
    likely result in precipitation changing over to snow before ending
    in most areas.=20

    While most of this snow will just be conversational, in the colder
    climates of the higher elevations of the Central Appalachians, this
    may result in a two-pronged event consisting of heavy snow. The
    first will be directly behind the front as p-type changes rapidly
    from rain to snow, leading to a brief period of snowfall rates
    exceeding 1"/hr (40-60% chance) from the Central Appalachians=20
    through the Laurel Highlands and into the Finger Lakes region of=20
    NY. During this time, however, snowfall accumulations will be=20
    modest at just a few inches at most. However, in the wake of this=20
    front, the increasing CAA on NW flow will drive potent upslope=20
    ascent into the Central Appalachians Monday night through Tuesday=20
    aftn. Although the column is dry aloft, the DGZ will lower to near=20
    the surface, leading to favorable ascent due to the upslope to=20
    maximize snow growth. This should cause accumulating snowfall in=20
    the higher elevations of WV, where WPC probabilities peak above 50%
    for 6+ inches of snowfall.

    Finally, as the trailing vorticity maxima and secondary shortwave
    embedded within the trough finally kicks east Tuesday aftn/eve,
    convective snow showers and isolated snow squalls could develop=20
    across this area. Additional snowfall accumulations will be light=20
    with any of these convective elements, but briefly heavy snow rates
    and gusty winds could cause local travel impacts.


    Weiss


    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!-YEUl4DZ-_f4nBc_zlclvHZTEy2Prhp8OA7kp4NGWeHQ-= gEPJE_lo4KVd8ZWt9WZjMW1K3N4Q5A2j5ulJY71QtZO72E$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 16 18:22:27 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 161822
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    222 PM EDT Mon Mar 16 2026

    Valid 00Z Tue Mar 17 2026 - 00Z Fri Mar 20 2026

    ...Great Lakes...
    Days 1-2...

    ...Blizzard conditions to persist through this evening in the
    Northern Great Lakes...

    As this historic winter storm races north and east into eastern=20
    Canada tonight, potent NW winds and CAA in its wake will produce=20
    widespread lake effect snow (LES) over the Great Lakes. Although=20
    lake temperatures are cold and somewhat ice covered, according to=20
    GLERL, 850mb temps crashing to as low as -20C will foster steep=20
    lapse rates and sufficiently saturated profiles within the DGZ=20
    aloft. The result will be LES snow bands with rates above 1"/hr=20
    (40-70% chance) tonight and into Tuesday morning. Winds should=20
    begin to lessen on Tuesday as high pressure builds in from the=20
    west, but prolonged cyclonic flow will fuel rounds of moderate-to-=20
    heavy snow in the favored snow belts east of Lakes Erie and
    Ontario. LES bands should finally taper off by Tuesday night.

    WPC probabilities for LES are moderate-to-high D1 (50-70) for 4+=20
    inches in the northwest portion of Michigan's Mitten near Traverse=20
    City, along the eastern U.P., and in the southwest L.P.. Farther=20
    east, probabilities around 50% for snowfall >4" are located along=20
    the Chautauqua Ridge and the Tug Hill Plateau. The Tug Hill on
    south closer to Oswego, NY could see locally heavy totals with
    low-to-moderate chances (30-50%) for snowfall totals over 12=20
    inches possible.=20


    ...Central Appalachians & Interior Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    A powerful arctic front will race through the Northeast and Mid-
    Atlantic by this evening. In wake of this FROPA, temperatures will
    plummet due to strong CAA, while mid and upper level flow remains=20
    southerly in response to the strongly tilted and digging upper=20
    trough. Combined with upslope enhancement, this will cause=20
    precipitation to rapidly transition to snow from the Central=20
    Appalachians and Laurel Highlands to the Finger Lakes of NY and the Catskills/Adirondacks.

    While most of this snow will just be conversational at lower
    elevations, in the higher elevations of the Central Appalachians,=20
    a two-part event supporting of heavy snow is anticipated. The=20
    first will be directly behind the front as p-type changes rapidly=20
    from rain to snow, leading to a brief period of snowfall rates=20
    surpassing 1"/hr (40-60% chance) from the Central Appalachians=20
    through the Laurel Highlands and into the Finger Lakes region of=20
    NY. This first round of snowfall accumulations will be modest,
    generally in the 1-3" initially. However, behind the front, the=20
    increasing CAA via NW flow will foster healthy upslope ascent into
    the Central Appalachians tonight through Tuesday. Typically favored
    areas along the Potomac Highlands and Alleghenies above 2,000ft
    will be favored for long snow durations, and thus higher totals.=20
    WPC probabilities peak above 50% for 6+ inches of snowfall.

    In addition, as the trailing vorticity maxima and secondary=20
    shortwave embedded within the trough over the OH Valley moves east
    Tuesday afternoon, convective snow showers and isolated snow=20
    squalls could develop across this area. Areas from the southern
    tier of NY, western and central PA, and on south to the Central
    Appalachians would be the most likely areas to contend with any
    potential snow squalls. Additional snowfall accumulations will be=20
    light with any of these convective elements, but briefly heavy snow
    rates and gusty winds could cause local travel impacts due to rapid
    reductions in visibility.


    Weiss/Mullinax



    ...Winter Storm Key Messages are in effect. Please see current=20
    Key Messages below...

    https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/key_messages/Late= stKeyMessage_1.png__;!!DZ3fjg!_PBmGNDDtPkqf99AfBb9zAW0sYahBWciDI3fczJK8meXB= oxjP-bprusGbhxlHvC5KcNZELrZF-Wv5J8glSkQJf207U4$=20



    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 17 06:25:07 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 170624
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    224 AM EDT Tue Mar 17 2026

    Valid 12Z Tue Mar 17 2026 - 12Z Fri Mar 20 2026

    ...Great Lakes southeast through the Mid-Atlantic...
    Day 1...

    Strong low pressure which produced the blizzard over the Upper
    Midwest/Western Great Lakes will be well northeast into Canada this
    morning, while its trailing arctic cold front will be positioned
    just off the Atlantic Seaboard to start the period. Behind this low
    and the associated front, strong CAA on NW winds will be widespread
    across the Great Lakes, Central Appalachians, and Mid-Atlantic
    States, while a lagging but potent upper trough swings through the
    Ohio Valley. The overlap of this upper trough and the post-frontal
    NW flow will result in 3 areas of moderate to heavy snowfall today.

    1) Great Lakes: CAA on the NW cyclonic flow will drop 850mb temps
    to as low as -20C (or slightly colder). This cold air moving across
    the lakes will lead to very steep lapse rates and rising inversion
    depths despite lake surface temperatures that are generally +5C or
    less according to GLERL. This will support efficient lake effect
    snow (LES) in the favored W/NW snow belts, and although the
    duration of any single bands may be modest due to the movement of
    the mid- level trough, heavy snow rates in excess of 1"/hr are
    possible (30-50%) within any LES bands. The heaviest accumulations
    are likely across the Tug Hill Plateau and then down towards
    Syracuse, where WPC probabilities are high (>70%) for at least 4
    inches of snow, with locally more than 8 inches possible.

    2) Central Appalachians: The persistent NW flow will generally
    result in a drying column across the area. However, as the mid-
    level trough swings overhead, it will briefly provide some
    additional synoptic ascent through height falls/PVA, overlapping
    favorable upslope flow into the terrain to produce periods of
    moderate to heavy snow. The nature of this snow may be more snow
    "showery" that continuous, limiting accumulations overall. However,
    snowfall rates may at times reach 1"/hr (10-30% chance) leading to
    locally as much as 4 inches of snow (10-30% chance) in the higher
    terrain of WV and into the Laurel Highlands of PA.

    3) Ohio Valley to the Mid-Atlantic: As the mid-level trough swings
    overhead this aftn/eve, it will likely encourage some bubbling of
    convective snow showers and isolated snow squalls across the
    region. Lapse rates become impressively steep beneath this trough,
    and there will be just enough moisture to generate numerous
    convective snow showers which will move rapidly east through the
    evening. The SnSq parameter is high for OH/WV/PA, and lesser due to
    drier air farther east. While snow squalls can't be ruled out,
    this is more likely to manifest as scattered to numerous convective snow showers across the area. Accumulation from these will be minimal,
    but brief heavy snow rates and gusty winds could cause rapid
    changes in visibility and hazardous driving later today.


    The probability for significant icing across the country is less
    than 10%.


    Weiss


    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 17 18:30:14 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 171830
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    230 PM EDT Tue Mar 17 2026

    Valid 00Z Wed Mar 18 2026 - 00Z Sat Mar 21 2026

    ...Upper Midwest to the Northeast...

    The CONUS continues to enter a notably more tranquil pattern
    regarding heavy snow following the departure of the historic mid-
    March blizzard. Widespread heavy snow (accumulations greater than 4
    inches) is not expected across the lower 48 through late Friday.

    However, the upper level pattern is forecast to remain amplified,
    with a strong ridge anchored over the western U.S., while a broad
    trough remains centered over the East. An amplified shortwave
    currently moving through the base of this eastern trough will lift
    out today, but the overall pattern will persist through the end of
    the week.

    Tonight into Wednesday, a low-amplitude shortwave sliding through
    the northern northern tier will trigger a round of warm advection precipitation. Expect a swath of light snow, with some freezing
    rain in spots, to develop from the upper Mississippi Valley to the
    western Great Lakes. WPC probabilities indicate minor impacts for
    most areas, with snow totals capped at 1-2 inches.

    Further downstream, lake effect snows will persist in the lee of
    Lake Ontario, with several more inches possible along a narrow
    band southeast of the lake before winds back to the south tomorrow.

    A more amplified shortwave is forecast to dive into the northern
    Great Lakes on Friday. However, accumulations are expected to
    light and largely confined to northern Michigan.

    The probability for significant icing across the country is less
    than 10%.

    Pereira

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 18 06:19:31 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 180619
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    219 AM EDT Wed Mar 18 2026

    Valid 12Z Wed Mar 18 2026 - 12Z Sat Mar 21 2026

    ...Upper Midwest to the Northeast...
    Days 1-2...

    Generally quiet winter weather encompasses the CONUS the next
    several days as flat and fast flow keep systems progressive and
    weak. Within this regime, multiple weak shortwaves traversing WNW
    to ESE from the Northern Plains into the Mid-Atlantic and New
    England will bring brief periods of light snow and mixed
    sleet/freezing rain. In general, this will produce only minor
    impacts and no significant snowfall. However, even light freezing
    rain can be problematic to travel, so although WPC probabilities
    for even 0.1" of ice are less than 5%, some light freezing rain
    above 0.01" is likely (>70%) D1 for Wisconsin and lower Michigan,
    and again D2 for far southern Michigan into Indiana/Ohio, which
    could create travel difficulties due to icy roads.

    Weiss


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 18 19:11:01 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 181910
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    310 PM EDT Wed Mar 18 2026

    Valid 00Z Thu Mar 19 2026 - 00Z Sun Mar 22 2026

    ...Upper Midwest to the Northeast...
    Days 1-3...

    A quiet pattern with respect to heavy snow and icing will continue,
    with widespread heavy snow or significant icing not expected across
    the contiguous U.S. through the end of the week.

    Precipitation associated with a low-amplitude shortwave sliding
    southeast across the Upper Midwest is expected to produce some
    minor ice accumulations tonight from northern Wisconsin southeast
    into southern Michigan and far northern Indiana.

    Meanwhile, a more amplified shortwave to the north will spread
    light snow from far northern Michigan to Upstate NY and northern
    New England as it swings across southeastern Canada on Thursday.

    A second shortwave will amplify over the northern Great Lakes on
    Friday and move east across the Northeast on Saturday, bringing
    additional light snow accumulations to the same regions. Apart
    from some localized heavier amounts in the higher reaches of the
    Adirondacks and the northern New England mountains, three-day snow accumulations are expected to top out at only an inch or two for
    most of the impacted locations.

    Pereira

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 19 06:11:39 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 190611
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    211 AM EDT Thu Mar 19 2026

    Valid 12Z Thu Mar 19 2026 - 12Z Sun Mar 22 2026

    ...Upper Great Lakes to the Northeast...
    Days 1-3...

    Thanks to a dome of upper-level ridging firmly entrenched over
    the West and northerly low-level winds over the Mid-South all but
    cutting off Gulf moisture, a quiet pattern with respect to heavy
    snow and icing will continue. The lone cases where light snow
    accumulations are anticipated are across the Upper Great Lakes and
    Northeast as Canadian clipper systems race across the southern
    tier of the country and occasional pass through. A clipper over
    Ontario will direct a warm front through the Northeast with minor
    snowfall totals (generally a coating-2", with local 2-3" in the
    Adirondacks and White Mountains) through Thursday. As that system
    exits over Atlantic Canada, a more organized clipper will be
    tracking towards Lake Superior. Light snow will ensue along the
    warm front over the U.P. of MI, Thursday night and into Friday AM,
    then race over northern NY and northern New England Friday
    afternoon and evening.

    There are some hints in AI guidance (EC-AIFS most notably) that the
    clipper could strengthen by the time it reaches Downeast Maine
    early Saturday morning. This could lead to locally heavier snowfall
    in the Greens, Whites, and northern ME on Saturday. At the moment,
    WPC probabilities shows low chances (10-30%) chances for snowfall
    4" in northern ME with most snowfall generally under 3". But this
    will be closely monitored given the generally good performance of
    the EC-AIFS for much of the cold season.


    The chances for significant icing across the CONUS is less than 10
    percent.


    Mullinax




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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/107 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 19 19:03:29 2026
    FOUS11 KWBC 191903
    QPFHSD

    Probabilistic Heavy Snow and Icing Discussion
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    303 PM EDT Thu Mar 19 2026

    Valid 00Z Fri Mar 20 2026 - 00Z Mon Mar 23 2026

    ...Upper Great Lakes to the Northeast...
    Days 1-3...

    Ridge/trough upper pattern over the CONUS will continue to bring
    northern stream systems through the Great Lakes into the Northeast
    with minor to occasionally modest snowfall. A system over southern
    Canada this evening will push through the Great Lakes tonight and
    into southern/southeastern Ontario tomorrow. WAA-driven snow and
    some light icing is likely over the U.P. of Michigan and into
    northern Lower Michigan. As the clipper moves into the Northeast
    tomorrow afternoon/evening, snow will fall mostly over the higher
    elevations (above 1500ft or so) where WPC probabilities for at
    least 4" are >50%, with lesser accumulations to the valley floors
    (T-2"). Precipitation should end on Saturday morning.

    The next system will slip into northern MN and the western Great
    Lakes Saturday afternoon/evening. With a southwest-to-northeast
    thermal gradient, some icing is possible once again over
    northeastern MN, northern WI, and northern Lower Michigan near the
    surface warm front. That system may track a bit farther south,
    which could bring in at least some light to modest snow to
    northeastern MN into the U.P. of Michigan. There, WPC probabilities
    for at least 4 inches of snow are >40% Saturday into very early
    Sunday. The system will race eastward and bring another swath of
    snow to northern NYS into New England Sunday. Through 00Z/Mon, WPC probabilities for an additional 4 inches of snow are >30% over the
    higher elevations of the northern Adirondacks into the Green/White
    Mountains, but the snow will continue beyond this forecast range.


    The chances for significant icing across the CONUS is less than 10
    percent.

    Fracasso

    $$

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