• DAY3SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Sep 20 07:31:50 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 200731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sat Sep 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms will be possible on Monday across portions
    of the central and southern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large-scale trough will extend from the northern Rockies to the
    southern California coast on Monday morning. Within this broader
    trough, a closed low will develop off the California coast with a
    more progressive trough/low across the central Rockies. As mid-level
    flow strengthens across the southern/central High Plains, lee
    troughing will strengthen during the day on Monday. Guidance starts
    to diverge substantially with specific evolution of the mid-level
    pattern Monday, however, despite these differences the overall
    pattern of lee troughing across the central/southern High Plains
    remains.

    ...Central Plains into Oklahoma...
    Substantial low-level moisture advection ahead of the lee troughing
    across the southern/central High Plains will result in moderate to
    strong instability across Oklahoma and Kansas by Monday afternoon.
    As mid level flow around 40 knots overspreads this warm sector,
    hodographs will elongate and the environment will support organized
    storms including potential supercells. A strong EML is forecast
    across the warm sector which should suppress convection for much of
    the afternoon with gradual erosion of the inhibition by late
    afternoon. Initial storms will likely develop across southern
    Nebraska where cooler temperatures aloft and the synoptic warm front
    should provide ample forcing for thunderstorm development. Through
    the evening, expect additional development farther south as ascent
    erodes inhibition and permits storm development along the dryline.
    Steep mid-level lapse rates and potential supercell storm mode will
    support a threat for large hail initially. Expect storms to
    eventually congeal into one or more clusters with an increasing
    severe wind threat during the evening. A Slight risk may eventually
    be needed, but a displacement between the better forcing (farther
    north) and the better environment (farther south) precludes higher probabilities at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 09/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Sep 20 19:30:24 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 201930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Sat Sep 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF SOUTHWEST/SOUTH-CENTRAL KANSAS...WESTERN/CENTRAL OKLAHOMA...AND THE
    EASTERN TEXAS/OKLAHOMA PANHANDLES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible on Monday across
    portions of the central and southern High Plains.

    ...Central and Southern Plains...
    A substantial midlevel wave will track southeastward across the
    central Rockies into the adjacent High Plains on Monday. In the
    low-levels, a surface front will extend from NE southward across
    western KS to an evolving triple point in the vicinity of southwest
    KS. In response to the approaching wave, strong low-level positive
    theta-e advection beneath a robust EML will yield a strongly
    unstable air mass across parts of the southern and central Plains.
    As midlevel height falls preceding the wave impinge on the surface
    boundary and triple point, inhibition at the base of the EML should
    gradually erode and support widely scattered thunderstorms by late
    afternoon.

    Around 40-50 kt of off-boundary deep-layer shear should initially
    support semi-discrete supercells with a risk of large hail and
    severe wind gusts across parts of western KS into the eastern OK/TX
    Panhandles. Additional strong to severe thunderstorms are expected
    farther north along the surface front into NE, though deep-layer
    shear will be weaker here in comparison. With time, thunderstorms
    will spread/develop east-southeastward across KS and western/central
    OK into a strengthening southerly low-level jet during the
    evening/overnight hours. This should promote a continuation of
    embedded supercells and upscale growth into one or more
    southeastward-moving MCSs. Severe hail and swath of wind damage will
    be possible with this convective evolution.

    ..Weinman.. 09/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Sep 21 07:04:41 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 210704
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210703

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTH TEXAS
    TO THE TENNESSEE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to isolated severe storms are possible from the southern
    Plains to the Tennessee Valley.

    ...Discussion...
    A MCS will likely be ongoing somewhere across eastern Oklahoma on
    Tuesday morning. A moist airmass with upper 60s to low 70s dewpoints
    will be in place downstream of these thunderstorms. Only modest
    weakening of the low-level jet will occur Tuesday morning and
    therefore, this MCS should remain through much of the day. If
    sufficient destabilization can occur across Arkansas, northern
    Mississippi and western TN/KY, some marginal damaging wind threat
    could accompany this MCS as it moves east through the morning and
    into the afternoon. Farther west, moderate destabilization is
    expected across the ArkLaTex and north Texas.

    A cold front will strengthen/sharpen across Oklahoma and move
    southeast through the day. Convergence along the front, combined
    with weak ascent amid falling mid-level heights, will support storm
    development Tuesday afternoon/evening. Where stronger mid-level flow
    (40 to 45 knots) is present, shear will support supercells. However,
    it is unclear whether this stronger mid-level flow will overlap the
    most favorable zone for storms. Timing and amplitude of the
    mid-level trough remain uncertain at this time. If this stronger
    flow overspreads the most favorable thermodynamic zone where storms
    are anticipated, a Slight Risk may be justified in the ArkLaTex, but
    model spread remains too large at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 09/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Sep 21 19:28:33 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 211928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA...NORTHEASTERN TEXAS...SOUTHWESTERN
    ARKANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms are possible from the southern Plains to the
    Tennessee Valley. Strongest thunderstorm activity is expected across southeastern Oklahoma into northeastern Texas and southwestern
    Arkansas, where supercells with large hail and damaging wind are
    possible by the afternoon.

    ...Discussion...
    A cold front moving across the central/southern Plains will sharpen
    as it moves eastward across the lower Missouri and Mississippi
    Valleys. It is likely that convection will be ongoing along this
    feature at the start of the period across central Oklahoma. Storms
    will gradually shift eastward through the day across portions of
    Arkansas into western Tennessee and along the Red River.

    Activity is expected to be ongoing across central Oklahoma at the
    start of the period, with a eastward advancing MCS in progress. The
    low-level jet is expected to remain strong into the morning on
    Tuesday, which will likely support maintenance of some damaging wind
    risk into the morning. Depending on how much destabilization can
    occur downstream across Arkansas into western Tennessee, the
    damaging wind threat may continue eastward through the afternoon.

    A reservoir of higher MLCAPE (around 2000-3000 J/kg) may reside near
    the Red River, with an increase in storm intensity by late
    morning/early afternoon along the front. Sufficient deep layer shear
    should be in place will support supercell structures, although a
    mixed mode of multi-cell clusters is expected with time with
    potential for large hail and damaging wind. A 15% area was added
    with this outlook to account for this risk.

    ..Thornton.. 09/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Sep 22 07:23:08 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 220723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Mon Sep 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTH TEXAS
    TO THE OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms with occasional damaging wind gusts are
    expected from south Texas to the Lower Ohio Valley on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough centered over the Great Lakes is forecast to
    amplify during the day Wednesday. A weak surface low is forecast to
    move from the Mid-Mississippi Valley Wednesday morning to the
    eastern Great Lakes by Thursday morning.

    ...South Texas...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast across South Texas on
    Wednesday as temperatures warm into the upper 90s ahead of a
    southward moving cold front. Stronger mid-level flow (and thus
    shear) should remain farther north, and mid-level lapse rates are
    forecast to be very weak. However, despite these factors, strong
    heating and convergence along the front should be sufficient for a
    few strong to severe storms capable of primarily damaging wind
    gusts.

    ...Mid Mississippi Valley to the Lower Ohio Valley...
    A moderately strong mid-level jet streak will be in place across the Mid-Mississippi Valley with a weak surface low on Wednesday morning.
    This will result in a favorable kinematic environment from northern
    Mississippi to the Ohio River during the afternoon and evening on
    Wednesday. If moderate instability can develop within this zone, an
    organized severe weather threat may materialize. However, widespread
    cloudcover from Day 2 convection is currently forecast to limit
    destabilization across much of the warm sector where mid-level lapse
    rates will also remain weak. Nonetheless, a moist airmass (dewpoints
    near 70) will be in place and support some instability ahead of the
    cold front with minimal surface heating. Therefore, a few strong to
    locally severe storms may be capable of damaging wind gusts.

    ..Bentley.. 09/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Sep 22 11:25:08 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 221125
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221124

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0624 AM CDT Mon Sep 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTH TEXAS
    TO THE OHIO VALLEY...

    CORRECTED FOR INCORRECT THUNDER LINE ORIENTATION IN THE WEST

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms with occasional damaging wind gusts are
    expected from south Texas to the Lower Ohio Valley on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough centered over the Great Lakes is forecast to
    amplify during the day Wednesday. A weak surface low is forecast to
    move from the Mid-Mississippi Valley Wednesday morning to the
    eastern Great Lakes by Thursday morning.

    ...South Texas...
    Moderate to strong instability is forecast across South Texas on
    Wednesday as temperatures warm into the upper 90s ahead of a
    southward moving cold front. Stronger mid-level flow (and thus
    shear) should remain farther north, and mid-level lapse rates are
    forecast to be very weak. However, despite these factors, strong
    heating and convergence along the front should be sufficient for a
    few strong to severe storms capable of primarily damaging wind
    gusts.

    ...Mid Mississippi Valley to the Lower Ohio Valley...
    A moderately strong mid-level jet streak will be in place across the Mid-Mississippi Valley with a weak surface low on Wednesday morning.
    This will result in a favorable kinematic environment from northern
    Mississippi to the Ohio River during the afternoon and evening on
    Wednesday. If moderate instability can develop within this zone, an
    organized severe weather threat may materialize. However, widespread
    cloud cover from Day 2 convection is currently forecast to limit destabilization across much of the warm sector where mid-level lapse
    rates will also remain weak. Nonetheless, a moist airmass (dewpoints
    near 70) will be in place and support some instability ahead of the
    cold front with minimal surface heating. Therefore, a few strong to
    locally severe storms may be capable of damaging wind gusts.

    ..Bentley.. 09/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Sep 22 19:26:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 221926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Mon Sep 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE OHIO
    VALLEY TO SOUTH TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms with occasional damaging wind gusts are
    expected from the Middle Ohio Valley to south Texas on Wednesday.

    ...Discussion...
    A positively tilted large-scale trough will move slowly
    east-southeastward over the Mid MS Valley and central/southern
    Plains on Wednesday. Within the base of the large-scale trough, a
    shortwave trough and related 40-50-kt midlevel jet will advance
    eastward from the southern/central Plains into the Mid MS/Lower OH
    Valleys through the afternoon. At the same time, a weak/broad
    low-level cyclone will track northeastward along the OH Valley,
    while a southwestward-extending cold front moves gradually
    east-southeastward across the OH/Mid MS Valleys and southern Plains.

    Numerous thunderstorms will likely be ongoing along the cold front
    and ahead of the surface cyclone on Wednesday morning. Despite
    lingering nocturnal inhibition, damaging wind gusts will be possible
    with any well-established convective clusters and line segments from
    the Lower OH Valley into northeast TX. Ahead of this activity,
    diurnal heating amid lower 70s dewpoints will result in a moderately
    unstable air mass by mid afternoon. This should favor modest
    re-intensification of thunderstorms along/immediately ahead of the east-southeastward-moving cold front. While the strongest midlevel
    westerly flow and related deep-layer shear accompanying the
    shortwave trough will be confined to the cool side of the cold front (especially over TX), a couple strong to severe wind gusts will be
    possible with multicell clusters that impinge on the warm/moist air
    mass.

    Deep-layer shear will be stronger with northward extent across the
    OH/TN Valleys, though slightly weaker destabilization may tend to
    limit the overall severe threat. Nevertheless, loosely organized
    clusters capable of producing isolated wind damage will be possible,
    especially where diurnal heating is enhanced within cloud breaks.

    ..Weinman.. 09/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Sep 23 07:29:16 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 230729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Tue Sep 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    SOUTHEAST TO NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected from the Southeast to New
    England on Thursday. Isolated damaging wind gusts will be possible
    with stronger storms.

    ...Synopsis...
    A positively-tilted mid-level trough will continue slowly east
    across the eastern CONUS on Thursday. At the surface, a weak surface
    low will move from the eastern Great Lakes to the Northeast. A cold
    front will extend from this surface low along the Appalachians and
    into the Southeast.

    ...Carolinas into the Mid-Atlantic...
    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period
    along a frontal zone near the Appalachians. To the east of the
    mountains, at least some clearing is expected to result in weak to
    potentially moderate instability. Weak mid-level lapse rates will
    limit the overall threat, but strong heating (potentially into the
    upper 80s to low 90s) within a weakly capped airmass should result
    in scattered thunderstorms during the afternoon. Mid-level flow
    around 30 to 40 knots across the warm sector will support more
    organized cells, and perhaps a greater wind threat, where any
    stronger instability can develop. At this time, the best potential
    overlap between the greatest instability and some stronger mid-level
    flow may be across northern North Carolina and eastern Virginia.
    However, instability remains uncertain since it is highly
    conditional on Day 1 and Day 2 convection, and therefore, a Marginal
    Risk appears to be the most appropriate category at this time.

    ...Portions of the Southeast...
    Low 70s dewpoints across the Southeast will support weak to
    potentially moderate instability despite minimal surface heating and
    weak lapse rates. This region will lie on the southern periphery of
    the best mid-level flow with some moderate shear (~25 to 30 knots)
    possible. This may support a few more organized storms. Widespread,
    loosely organized storms and PWAT values over 2 inches will support
    the potential for some water-loaded downdrafts and isolated damaging
    wind gusts.

    ..Bentley.. 09/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Sep 23 19:31:47 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 231931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Tue Sep 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected from the Southeast to southwest
    New England on Thursday. Isolated damaging wind gusts will be
    possible with the strongest storms.

    ...Synopsis...
    A positive-tilt upper trough will extend from the Upper Great Lakes
    into TX during the day, translating slowly eastward through Friday
    morning toward the northern Gulf coast and Lower Great Lakes.
    Moderate midlevel southwesterlies of 30-40 kt will pivot from TN/OH
    Valleys and Appalachians into the Northeast, increasing to 50-60 kt.

    At the surface, low pressure will develop into southern Quebec, with
    a cold front extending southward across the Mid Atlantic and
    trailing southwestward toward the Gulf Coast. Ahead of the front, a
    moist and marginally unstable air mass will remain in place,
    supporting scattered thunderstorms through the period.

    ...Northeast into the Mid Atlantic and Southeast...
    Surface heating will result in relatively steep low-level lapse
    rates across much of eastern GA/SC/NC/VA, with MLCAPE on the order
    of 1000-1500 J/kg. Midlevel lapse rates will be poor, reducing the
    overall severity of the storms. However, 30+ kt deep-layer mean
    winds aloft may support a few clusters of storms capable of strong
    to locally damaging gusts.

    To the north, while elevated instability will support general
    thunderstorms across all of New England, it appears any severe
    potential should be limited to where surface trajectories will
    remain mostly over land, within the instability plume extending as
    far north as southeast NY and western MA/CT. Shear will be a bit
    more favorable from southeast NY into PA/NJ/MD, increasing from 35
    kt over southern areas to 45 kt farther north. Poor lapse rates
    aloft will again limit severe potential, but isolated severe cells
    will be possible.

    ..Jewell.. 09/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Sep 24 07:29:52 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 240729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Wed Sep 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are likely across the Southeast and into the
    Carolinas on Friday. A few stronger storms may be possible near the
    coast from Georgia to North Carolina.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cutoff low will develop in the Tennessee Valley region on Thursday
    night and drift slowly east on Friday. At the surface, high pressure
    will build into much of the eastern CONUS with a synoptic front
    stalled near the Georgia/South Carolina/North Carolina coast.
    Farther west, a mid-level cutoff low will develop somewhere near
    southern California/northern Baja during the day Friday.

    ...Southeast Coast...
    Weak to potentially moderate instability is forecast to develop
    ahead of a cold front near the Southeast Coast on Friday. Mid-level
    flow around 30 knots may provide enough deep-layer shear for a few
    strong storms. However, overall modest instability and shear within
    a narrow corridor along the Southeast coast precludes the need for
    severe weather probabilities at this time.

    ...Southwest..
    Moderate instability and moderate lapse rates are forecast across
    southern Arizona on Friday as some monsoon moisture is pulled north
    ahead of the cutoff low to the west. In addition, some moderate 30
    to 35 knot mid-level flow is forecast to overspread this region
    Friday afternoon/evening. This will provide an environment which may
    support a few strong storms capable of gusty winds.

    ..Bentley.. 09/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Sep 24 19:25:35 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 241925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 PM CDT Wed Sep 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are likely across the Southeast and into the
    Carolinas on Friday. A few stronger storms may be possible near the
    coast from Georgia to North Carolina.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad upper tough over the eastern CONUS is forecast to weaken
    before becoming cut off over portions of the Southeast Friday. To
    the west, an upper low will move slowly eastward settling over the
    Southwestern States into the weekend. A cold front will move
    offshore across the Mid Atlantic Coast and into parts of the
    Southeast Friday and Friday night.

    ...Southeast...
    As the cold front over the Southeast moves slowly eastward, a weak
    wave low should develop along it across portions of northern AL and
    western GA. Locally stronger convergence along the front and ahead
    of the weak low is expected to support scattered storms at the start
    of the period. Slow intensification of this activity is possible
    with scattered heating of the moist air mass. Moderate buoyancy, but
    modest vertical shear suggests a few multicellular clusters are
    possible as storm coverage gradually increases through the day. This
    would support some stronger downdrafts and sporadic damaging gust
    potential given high precipitable water content. The highest storm
    coverage is expected along the advancing front and near the coast
    across GA and SC where a few downbursts are possible. However, the
    limited vertical shear and very poor mid-level lapse rates lend low
    confidence in 5% coverage.

    ...Southwest...
    Beneath the weakening upper low, weak southerly flow will transport
    residual monsoon moisture northward over the southern Great basin
    and Four Corners. Widespread showers and thunderstorms are expected
    through the afternoon. Modest mid and low-level lapse rates will
    support some destabilization beneath the upper-level cold core
    despite clouds and ongoing showers/storms. While not overly strong,
    30-35 kt mid-level flow could support a few stronger thunderstorms
    with severe wind potential owing to relatively high cloud bases.

    ..Lyons.. 09/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Sep 25 07:29:56 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 250729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Thu Sep 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected across the Southwest into the
    Great Basin and Central Rockies and from the Southeast to the
    Mid-Atlantic. No severe storms are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cut-off low will be present across the Southwest and near the
    southern Appalachians at 12Z Saturday. Both will drift slowly east
    through the period. The low across the west may start to rejoin the
    westerlies by the end of the period as a larger trough approaches
    the West Coast. The surface pattern will remain mostly nebulous with
    high pressure across much of the CONUS.

    ...Southwest...
    Weak instability will develop across the Southwest and into the
    Great Basin and central Rockies as monsoon moisture drifts northward
    on Saturday. Relatively weak instability and modest shear should
    limit the overall threat. A few stronger storms may be possible
    across southeast Arizona, but the lack of stronger shear precludes
    any severe weather probabilities at this time.

    ...Southeast to the Carolinas...
    A moist, weak lapse rate environment will persist across the
    Southeast into the Carolinas on Saturday. Around 30 knots of
    mid-level flow will overspread this airmass ahead of a weak
    mid-level low. This may provide enough shear for a few strong
    storms, but weak lapse rates and instability should keep the overall
    threat limited.

    ..Bentley.. 09/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Sep 25 19:07:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 251907
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251906

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0206 PM CDT Thu Sep 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected across the Southwest/Four
    Corners states, and from the Southeast to the Mid-Atlantic. Severe
    storms are not forecast.

    ...Discussion...
    Relatively weak winds aloft will exist over most of the CONUS, with
    the main upper jet over Canada. Thunderstorm potential will still be
    focused over the Southwest and Southeast, where slow-moving upper
    lows will exist.

    Given the persistence of both upper features, instability is
    forecast to be weaker than on the previous day due to clouds and
    overall moistening. For the southwestern states, slightly stronger
    instability may develop over central/eastern AZ, with around 1000
    J/kg MUCAPE possible. Modest deep-layer shear in this area could
    support a few cells with small hail or gusty winds. For eastern
    areas including the Carolinas and VA, widespread early precipitation
    and clouds will likely hamper destabilization.

    ..Jewell.. 09/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Sep 26 06:55:32 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 260655
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260654

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0154 AM CDT Fri Sep 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Discussion...
    It appears that amplified troughing within the mid-latitude
    westerlies will continue to slowly advance inland of the North
    American Pacific coast during this period. As this occurs,
    downstream ridging is forecast to become more amplified across the
    Canadian Prairies, while flow farther east trends at least broadly
    cyclonic across the eastern Canadian provinces through the
    northwestern Atlantic.

    Within the southern mid- and subtropical latitudes to the south and
    east of this regime, shorter wavelength developments within
    generally weak flow remain much more unclear due to sizable model
    spread. However, broad, weak mid-level troughing may continue to
    shift northeastward out of the Southwest through southern Rockies,
    while large-scale weak mid-level troughing lingers across the
    Southeast. It appears that a pair of evolving tropical cyclones may
    continue to progress west-northwestward across parts of the
    southwestern Atlantic through Bahamas vicinity, to the southwest of
    a notable high centered near Bermuda.

    Similar to Saturday, due to generally weak deep-layer mean wind
    fields and rather modest to weak diurnal destabilization, the risk
    for severe thunderstorms across the U.S. appears negligible.
    However, scattered afternoon and evening thunderstorm development
    appears probable across parts of the Intermountain West and Rockies,
    as well as across parts of the Southeast.

    ..Kerr.. 09/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Sep 26 19:09:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 261909
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261908

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0208 PM CDT Fri Sep 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Synopsis...

    The upper level pattern on Sunday will largely be characterized by
    weak flow. A modest upper trough will migrate northeast across the
    Four Corners/Rockies while weak upper ridging persists across the
    mid-section of the CONUS, and weak upper troughing persists over the
    Southeast vicinity. A pair of tropical cyclones will be developing
    northwest over the southwest Atlantic on the western fringes of the
    subtropical high located offshore the Mid-Atlantic coast toward
    Bermuda. Overall, weak deep-layer flow and only modest diurnal
    destabilization will limit severe potential, though scattered
    thunderstorms will be possible across portions of the
    Southwest/Rockies and the Southeast.

    ..Leitman.. 09/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Sep 27 07:03:10 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 270703
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270702

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0202 AM CDT Sat Sep 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Monday through Monday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Amplification within the westerlies appears likely to continue to
    translate eastward through this period, with mid-level ridging
    building across much of interior Canada and adjacent portions of the
    northern U.S. and downstream troughing slowly digging across the
    northwestern Atlantic through Canadian Maritimes and northern New
    England. Upstream, large-scale troughing across the mid-latitude
    eastern Pacific into western North America may begin to lose
    amplitude, as a couple of embedded short waves progress
    northeastward inland of coastal areas. However, it appears that
    deeper troughing will be reinforced offshore of the British
    Columbia/Pacific Northwest coast by a much more vigorous digging
    short wave trough, which models indicate will support renewed
    significant cyclogenesis across the northeastern Pacific.

    In the southern mid- to subtropical latitudes preceding this regime,
    troughing within generally weak flow is forecast to slowly shift
    east/northeast of the southern Rockies into the Great Plains Monday
    through Monday night. However, it appears that a downstream
    mid-level high will be maintained across the Midwest, and models
    indicate little general movement to weak mid-level troughing across
    the Southeast.

    A pair of tropical cyclones are likely to continue slowly migrating north-northwestward across parts of the subtropical western
    Atlantic, including one north of the Bahamas toward the Carolina
    coast.

    ...Carolina coastal vicinity...
    The timing of the approach of Potential Tropical Cyclone Nine
    remains uncertain, with increasing impacts along coastal areas most
    probable late Monday night or later. However, as it approaches
    coastal areas, the latest NAM output, among other guidance, suggests
    that cool advection aided by strengthening north to northeasterly
    near surface flow may contribute to a better-defined baroclinic zone
    near the Carolina coast, perhaps reinforced to the cool side of the
    boundary by evaporation of precipitation spreading downstream of the
    cyclone. Even if enlarged, clockwise curved low-level hodographs do
    evolve along coastal areas late in the period, the potential for the
    inland advection of a sufficiently moist and buoyant boundary layer
    to support a risk for tornadoes still appears negligible at this
    time.

    ..Kerr.. 09/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Sep 27 19:31:13 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 271931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook=20=20
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Sat Sep 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad and pronounced mid-level trough will gradually overspread
    the Interior West while a tropical cyclone meanders off of the
    Carolina coastline on Monday (visit https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.= nhc.noaa.gov__;!!DZ3fjg!_gTDA510WxaJZQnlLQhY67zZybpAXNf6L1kJ1AK-p1C2kycRsB9= dSc6x8K2xAeEMSJR7U-bmiINMJLenCKPj76_Ynyk$ for forecast
    details on TC9). Colder temperatures aloft overspreading the
    northern Great Basin into the northern Rockies will promote scant
    buoyancy, amid deep-layer ascent, to support convection deep enough
    to produce a few lightning flashes through Monday. Isolated to
    scattered thunderstorms may also develop atop the central and
    southern Rockies, as the passage of a mid-level impulse lifts a
    moist low- to mid-level airmass. Finally, a couple of lightning
    flashes may be observed with the deeper convective cells embedded
    within rainbands approaching the FL and Carolina shoreline as a
    tropical cyclone parallels the FL Peninsula.

    ..Squitieri.. 09/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Sep 28 07:13:15 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 280713
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280712

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 AM CDT Sun Sep 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Tuesday through Tuesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Downstream of amplified mid-level ridging slowly shifting eastward
    into the Hudson Bay/Ontario/upper Great Lakes vicinity, models
    indicate that a significant short wave trough will dig across the
    St. Lawrence Valley through Canadian Maritimes. As this occurs, it
    appears that expansive cold surface ridging will begin to build
    across much of the eastern Canadian provinces through Great Lakes,
    Northeast and Mid Atlantic by the end of the period.

    Upstream, a deep mid-level trough and embedded
    lower/mid-tropospheric cyclone are forecast to continue slowly
    approaching southern British Columbia and Pacific Northwest coastal
    areas, preceded by a couple of weak short wave perturbations
    accompanied by modest deepening surface troughing across the
    Canadian Prairies into the lee of the northern U.S. Rockies.

    Within a belt of weaker flow, to the south of a blocking mid-level
    high lingering over the Midwest/middle Mississippi Valley, weak
    mid-level troughing is forecast to dig offshore of the Texas Gulf
    coast into the western Gulf Basin. As downstream troughing lingers
    across and offshore of the south Atlantic Seaboard, guidance
    generally indicates that an initially stalling or slow moving
    developing hurricane offshore will slowly accelerate eastward,
    either parallel to or farther away from the coast.

    As this regime evolves, it is possible that residual low-level
    moisture and/or cooling aloft may contribute to sufficient
    destabilization for areas of scattered thunderstorm development,
    from near Pacific Northwest coastal areas into the northern Great
    Plains. However, it appears this will be mostly modest to weak in
    intensity, with generally negligible risk for severe weather.

    ..Kerr.. 09/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Sep 28 19:15:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 281915
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281914

    Day 3 Convective Outlook=20=20
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 PM CDT Sun Sep 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad mid-level trough will meander along the West Coast through
    the day on Tuesday, with multiple embedded impulses poised to
    traverse the Interior West through the period. Cooler temperatures
    aloft and associated scant buoyancy will overspread the Washington
    Coastline, as well as the central and northern Rockies with the
    passage of these impulses, supporting the potential for a few
    lightning flashes. Otherwise, a couple of lightning flashes may be
    observed along the eastern FL peninsula or Carolina coastlines in
    association with (currently) Tropical Storm Imelda, which is
    expected to turn east and move away from land. Please visit https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.nhc.noaa.gov__;!!DZ3fjg!46E3DfVvIias= 44vVun8eIx5UNjZ2TQNMseSDMq5IU7XUFbkLQc2wll8Opnu2LhySkEwH_8Z3EPkjX--bqIt9scL= tpoo$ for more forecast details of Tropical Storm Imelda.

    ..Squitieri.. 09/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Sep 29 07:00:23 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 290700
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290659

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0159 AM CDT Mon Sep 29 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Aside from low probabilities for thunderstorms across parts of the
    Pacific Northwest, the risk for thunderstorms appears negligible
    across much of the rest of the U.S. Wednesday through Wednesday
    night.

    ...Discussion...
    Beneath a confluent mid-level regime, in the wake of a short wave
    trough digging southeast of the north Atlantic coast, models
    indicate that the center of an expansive cool surface ridge will
    shift southeastward through much of the Northeast and Mid Atlantic
    by late Wednesday night. The weaker southwestern flank of this
    ridge likely will be maintained as far south and west as the
    southern Great Plains and northern Gulf Basin, while the frontal
    zone on the leading edge of the cooler air advances further offshore
    of the Atlantic Seaboard, in the wake of east-northeastward
    accelerating Humberto and Imelda.

    Upstream, flow across the northern mid-latitude Pacific into North
    America will continue to trend a bit more zonal through at least
    this period. An initially deep, occluded surface cyclone offshore
    of the southern British Columbia/Pacific Northwest coast is forecast
    to undergo rapid weakening near Vancouver Island. However, as a
    modest residual mid-level cold pool migrates inland, it may
    contribute to sufficient destabilization for scattered weak
    thunderstorm activity west of the Cascades and farther inland across
    parts of the northern intermountain region.

    ..Kerr.. 09/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Sep 29 19:10:55 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 291910
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 291910

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0210 PM CDT Mon Sep 29 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not forecast for Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A relatively inactive day in terms of thunderstorm potential will
    exist on Wednesday, with a large area of high pressure dropping
    south out of Quebec and toward the Mid Atlantic. This surface high
    will extend westward across the MS Valley and into the northern
    Gulf, where little instability or lift will be present to support thunderstorms.

    A weak surface trough will develop over the eastern Dakotas, in
    association with a midlevel disturbance. Ascent with this feature as
    well as cool temperatures aloft may combine with daytime heating to
    yield isolated afternoon thunderstorms, but severe weather is not
    expected due to weak instability.

    To the west, an upper trough will move slowly east across the
    Pacific Northwest, with a belt of strong midlevel southwesterlies
    moving toward the northern Rockies by Thursday morning. Minimal
    instability across coastal WA and OR may support low-topped
    convection, primarily near the coast and offshore.

    ..Jewell.. 09/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Sep 30 07:09:00 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 300708
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300707

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CDT Tue Sep 30 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible Thursday
    through Thursday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that a branch of westerlies across the mid-latitude
    Pacific into North America may trend more amplified during this
    period. It appears that this will include a mid-level trough
    digging inland in some fashion across California on the leading edge
    of this regime, but there is notable spread still evident in the
    output concerning this feature.

    Downstream, broad mid-level ridging is likely to encompass the
    remainder of the U.S., to the north of a subtropical regime
    including a building ridge along an axis from the northern Mexican
    Plateau through the central Great Plains, and weak downstream
    troughing digging a bit further southwestward through the Gulf
    Basin. Beneath this regime, a slowly weakening surface ridge,
    becoming centered off the north Atlantic coast, may encompass a
    broad area from the Gulf coast and southern Great Plains through the northwestern Atlantic.

    Models suggest that moist easterly low-level flow, to the north of
    an offshore surface front, may become unstable enough to support a
    risk for scattered thunderstorm activity across the Florida
    Peninsula, northern Gulf Basin and perhaps adjacent northern Gulf
    coast. Additional scattered thunderstorm development is possible
    Thursday into Thursday night, along a frontal zone downstream of the
    inland digging trough, across parts of the Great Basin, and within a
    lingering low-level warm advection regime across the northern Great
    Plains Red River vicinity through northern Minnesota. However,
    guidance continues to suggest negligible risk for severe weather.

    ..Kerr.. 09/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Sep 30 19:01:02 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 301900
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301900

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 PM CDT Tue Sep 30 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will gradually amplify along the West Coast on
    Thursday, with increasing southwest winds aloft across the Great
    Basin and into the northern Rockies. Ahead of this trough, an upper
    ridge will exist from Mexico into the southern Plains, with a
    secondary high from the TN Valley across the Appalachians.

    At the surface, high pressure will dominate the pattern across the
    eastern states, the Gulf of America and into the Plains, with
    minimal instability forecast. Exceptions will be over the FL
    Peninsula in a moist easterly low-level flow regime, and over parts
    of ND and northern MN where southerly flow and moistening may allow
    for elevated instability to develop. In either case, severe storms
    are unlikely.

    Otherwise, lift with the western trough and midlevel moisture should
    result in precipitation and a few lightning flashes from central NV
    into southwest MT.

    ..Jewell.. 09/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 1 06:52:34 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 010652
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010651

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0151 AM CDT Wed Oct 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Friday through Friday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Across the eastern Pacific through western Atlantic, guidance
    generally indicates that weaker, but more amplified flow will
    prevail across the mid-latitudes through this period, with a
    stronger, more progressive regime in somewhat higher latitudes
    (near/north of the Canadian/U.S. border). Large-scale ridging may
    continue to build offshore of the North American Pacific coast, with
    both streams largely in phase. While one downstream short wave
    trough may progress across the Canadian Rockies into the Canadian
    Prairies Friday through Friday night, it appears that another more
    notable perturbation may continue to dig across the Sierra Nevada
    into the Great Basin.

    Farther east, broad mid-latitude mid-level ridging may slowly shift
    eastward across the Ohio Valley through Mid Atlantic vicinity, while
    in lower latitudes weak mid/upper troughing persists across the Gulf
    Basin into southwestern Atlantic.

    Beneath this regime, it appears that expansive surface ridging will
    persist, but continue to slowly weaken, from the Gulf Coast and
    southern Great Plains into the mid-latitude western Atlantic. While
    surface troughing may modestly deepen across the northern Great
    Plains into the lee of the Front Range, a substantive return flow of
    low-level moisture emanating from the Gulf Basin will continue to be
    impeded. Even so, some continuing gradual increase in surface dew
    points appears possible along and southeast of the surface
    troughing, which may contribute to modest diurnal boundary-layer destabilization beneath a plume of steepening lapse rates associated
    with north-northeastward advecting elevated mixed-layer air.
    However, it appears that inhibition associated with the warm air
    aloft and weak mid/upper forcing for ascent will tend to inhibit
    vigorous thunderstorm development.

    Weak destabilization associated with large-scale ascent and
    mid-level cooling may contribute to scattered thunderstorm
    development across a large portion of the Great Basin into adjacent
    Rockies Friday into Friday night, with additional thunderstorm
    development probable within a residual seasonably moist environment
    across the Florida Peninsula through northwestern Gulf Basin.
    However, guidance remains suggestive that the risk for severe
    weather associated with this activity will be negligible.

    ..Kerr.. 10/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 1 19:25:09 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 011925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 PM CDT Wed Oct 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The threat for severe storms appears low for Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A pronounced mid-level trough will progress across the Interior West
    while upper-ridging remains in place east of the Rockies on Friday.
    The eastward advancement of the upper trough will encourage the
    deepening of a surface low across the northern Plains, with
    low-level moisture return anticipated across the Gulf Coast states
    to the Upper MS Valley. Scattered thunderstorms are anticipated
    across the Great Basin into the northern Rockies given strong
    forcing for ascent amid marginal buoyancy. Across the northern
    Plains into the Upper MS Valley, near the international border,
    isolated thunderstorms may develop ahead of the surface low along a
    warm front. Across both the Interior West and Upper MS Valley, a few
    strong thunderstorms are possible.

    ...Great Basin into the Northern Rockies...
    Strong vertical wind shear is expected to overspread the Great Basin
    into the northern Rockies ahead of the upper trough, resulting in
    enlarged, curved hodographs. MLCAPE should remain generally under
    500 J/kg, constricted to thin profiles above a mixed boundary layer
    extending up to 600 mb. As such, the threat for organized severe
    appears too low for the introduction of severe probabilities at this
    time. However, given strong vertical wind shear and the mixed
    boundary layer, organized storm structures may produce at least some
    sub-severe wind gusts/hail.

    ...Northern Plains into the Upper-Mississippi Valley...
    Ahead of the surface low and along the warm front, considerable
    veering and strengthening of the winds with height will yield
    enlarged, curved hodographs with some elongation. Furthermore, 8+
    C/km mid-level lapse rates will contributing to 1500+ J/kg MLCAPE.
    However, questions remain regarding the degree of forcing to support thunderstorms, with the upper trough remaining well to the west.
    Furthermore, low-level moisture should remain mediocre, with surface
    dewpoints barely reaching 60 F. At the moment, the amount of forcing
    and low-level moisture appears too low to warrant severe
    probabilities at this time.

    ..Squitieri.. 10/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 2 07:19:15 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 020719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Thu Oct 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF WEST CENTRAL
    NEBRASKA...CENTRAL AND EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA...SOUTHEASTERN NORTH
    DAKOTA...AND NORTHWESTERN MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact a corridor across parts of the
    northern Great Plains late Saturday afternoon or evening,
    accompanied by at least some risk for severe wind and hail.

    ...Discussion...
    Downstream of building mid/upper ridging, perhaps including an
    evolving high across the northeastern Pacific, large-scale mid/upper
    troughing is likely to be maintained across the Southwest through
    Great Basin vicinity. However, a notable short wave impulse
    pivoting across the Great Basin at the outset of the period is
    forecast to accelerate across the Rockies toward the northern Great
    Plains Red River Valley, as mid-level troughing digs across the
    Canadian Prairies. The lead impulse may tend to weaken as mid-level
    flow trends more confluent near the central international border
    vicinity Saturday night. However, models suggest that substantive
    further deepening of surface troughing is probable northeast of the
    Front Range into far northwestern Ontario before this occurs. It
    appears that this might include the evolution of a compact embedded
    surface cyclone across parts of central South Dakota toward
    southeastern North Dakota late Saturday through Saturday night, but
    there remains substantive spread within/among the model output
    concerning this and other developments.

    ...Northern Great Plains...
    Beneath a plume of initially warm and capping elevated mixed-layer
    air, a narrow corridor of stronger surface heating and deeper
    boundary-layer mixing along/ahead of the surface trough probably
    will provide the primary focus for thunderstorm development with the
    most appreciable severe weather potential. Although models suggest
    that CAPE will be more marginal northeast of the Front Range through
    central South Dakota than farther to the northeast, due to lower boundary-layer moisture content, thermodynamic profiles along the
    entire corridor are forecast to become characterized by steep lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates with sizable temperature/dew
    point spreads by late afternoon. Subsequent south-southwesterly
    low-level jet intensification (including 50-60+ kt around 850 mb
    through mid to late evening) will support potential for severe
    surface gusts, as convection develops in response to forcing for
    ascent and contributes to downward momentum transport. The extent
    to which this potential may be maintained beyond a couple of hours
    window remains unclear, as a cold front surging out of the high
    plains and overtaking the surface trough might quickly undercut the
    stronger late afternoon/early evening thunderstorm development.

    ..Kerr.. 10/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 2 19:36:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 021936
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 021935

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0235 PM CDT Thu Oct 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact a corridor across parts of the
    northern Great Plains late Saturday afternoon or evening,
    accompanied by at least some risk for severe wind and hail.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad mid-level trough will become established across the Rockies,
    with upper ridging expected along the East Coast on Saturday. A
    pronounced mid-level impulse will eject into the northern Plains,
    supporting rapid surface low deepening over the Dakotas by
    afternoon. Seasonal low-level moisture return beneath cooler
    temperatures aloft, in tandem with favorable vertical wind shear,
    will support scattered strong thunderstorms across the northern
    Plains Saturday evening, at least a few of which may be severe.

    ...Northern Plains...
    A surface low will become established across the Dakotas during the
    afternoon, with a cold front draped across the central/northern High
    Plains. Ahead of the cold front, surface temperatures should reach
    the 80s F amid low 60s F dewpoints by afternoon peak heating.
    1000-2000 J/kg MLCAPE (locally higher in some spots) is expected
    given 7.5-8.5 C/km mid-level lapse rates overspreading the northern
    Plains. Modest to substantial convective inhibition will likely
    inhibit thunderstorm development over the warm sector through much
    of the day. As such, thunderstorms will develop along and perhaps
    behind an eastward advancing surface cold front by sunset, when the
    primary mid-level impulse ejects from the Rockies. As this occurs,
    substantial veering and strengthening of the vertical wind profile
    is expected, with 50+ kt southwesterly 500 mb flow overspreading a
    30-50 kt southerly low-level jet. 50 kts of effective bulk shear,
    mainly parallel to the cold front, will support linear convection,
    with at least isolated severe gusts possible. An instance or two of
    severe hail may accompany any more discrete storms that manage to
    develop.

    ..Squitieri.. 10/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 3 06:49:52 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 030649
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030649

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0149 AM CDT Fri Oct 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm are not forecast for Sunday.

    ...Central Plains...

    An upper shortwave trough over the northern Plains Sunday morning
    will develop northeast into Ontario through the afternoon. Meanwhile
    a larger-scale positive-tilt upper trough will persist across the
    western U.S. as a second upper shortwave trough develops southeast
    across the Canadian Prairies into the northern Plains toward the end
    of the period. At the surface, a cold front will develop
    east/southeast across the Upper Midwest into the central Plains.
    Modest boundary layer moisture will be in place ahead of the front
    (mid 50s to low 60s F dewpoints). Destabilization is expected remain
    modest, generally below 1000 J/kg near the surface front, in
    particular from western KS into the eastern NE vicinity. Isolated to
    scattered showers and thunderstorms will be possible during the late afternoon/evening. Warm midlevel temperatures will likely preclude
    stronger convection by limiting instability, though a strong storm
    or two could produce gusty winds.

    ..Leitman.. 10/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 3 19:11:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 031911
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 031910

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0210 PM CDT Fri Oct 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible over portions of the
    central Plains on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A surface cold front will remain stationary across the Plains
    states, as a pronounced mid-level impulse over the Upper MS Valley
    ejects into Ontario, and broader upper troughing remains in place
    over the central U.S. Modest low-level moisture will continue to
    advect north-northwestward as lee troughing persist over the central
    and southern Plains. By late afternoon, subtle lifting along the
    cold front, along with peak diurnal heating, should support
    scattered thunderstorm development over the central Plains. Adequate
    buoyancy and shear will be in place to support an isolated severe
    threat.

    ...Central Plains...
    The stationary surface cold front will be positioned along a line
    roughly from central NE to the western TX Panhandle somewhere in the
    18-00Z time frame. By afternoon peak heating, surface temperatures
    will exceed 80 F amid upper 50s to perhaps 60 F dewpoints, yielding
    between 500-1000 J/kg MLCAPE. Given somewhat warm temperatures aloft
    and meager moisture return, thunderstorm development will be
    dependent on surface heating and any subtle convergence along the
    cold front. Nonetheless, the latest 12Z 3-km NAM, ECMWF, and GFS
    runs all depict convective initiation along the cold front from
    south-central NE to the OK/TX Panhandles by Sunday evening. By this
    time, a southeasterly LLJ will be in place, beneath 700-500 mb flow
    that quickly veers to west-southwesterly, which will support
    enlarged, curved hodographs. Despite poor buoyancy and weak forcing
    for ascent, a few multicells or even a transient supercell or two
    may develop, capable of an instance or two of marginally severe
    hail/wind or a brief tornado.

    ..Squitieri.. 10/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 4 06:57:31 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 040657
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040656

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0156 AM CDT Sat Oct 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Broad upper troughing will extend from the central Rockies toward
    the Great Lakes on Monday. At the surface, a cold front will slowly
    develop east/southeast across the upper Great Lakes southwestward to
    the southern High Plains. Only modest destabilization is expected
    near the front, limited by ongoing showers/thunderstorms Monday
    morning, along with widespread cloudiness and generally poor lapse
    rates. Isolated thunderstorm will be possible near the front, but
    severe potential appears low.

    ..Leitman.. 10/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 4 19:30:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 041930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Sat Oct 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The threat for organized severe storms currently appears low on
    Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep mid/upper-level trough will remain in place across much of
    central Canada into the north-central CONUS on Monday. A series of low-amplitude shortwaves will move through the southern portion of
    this trough from the northern Rockies/High Plains into the Great
    Lakes. At the surface, a cold front will move through parts of the south-central Plains into the Midwest and southern Great Lakes.

    In the wake of morning convection, modest low/midlevel moisture and
    some diurnal heating/destabilization will support isolated to widely
    scattered storm development along the frontal corridor during the
    afternoon and evening. A separate zone of thunderstorm development
    will be possible from parts of the lower/mid MS Valley into the OH
    Valley, in association with deeper moisture and a low-amplitude
    midlevel vorticity maximum that may emerge from the Gulf.

    In general, weak instability and only modest deep-layer flow/shear
    near the front are expected to limit organized-severe potential. One
    exception may be from parts of eastern NM into the TX Panhandle,
    where post-frontal easterly low-level flow will result in veering
    wind profiles, somewhat elongated hodographs, and some strong-storm
    potential. However, uncertainty remains regarding the magnitude of
    low-level moisture and instability within this post-frontal regime.
    Another exception may be across the southern Great Lakes, where
    somewhat stronger deep-layer flow may overspread the front, but most
    guidance only suggests very weak destabilization across this area
    through late afternoon.

    ..Dean.. 10/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 5 07:01:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 050701
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050700

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CDT Sun Oct 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential will be low on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    A mid/upper trough will deepen while shifting east across eastern
    portions of the Midwest and Northeast. Meanwhile, second upper
    shortwave trough will migrate east across the central Plains. At the
    surface, high pressure will strengthen across the central Plains to
    the Upper Midwest in the wake of a cold front developing southeast
    across New England into the Mid-South and the southern Plains.
    Modest destabilization is expected across moist warm sector ahead of
    the surface front, supporting isolated to scattered showers and
    thunderstorms. However, stronger vertical shear will lag behind the
    surface front and poor lapse rates will limit stronger instability,
    and severe storms are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 10/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 5 19:19:45 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 051919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 PM CDT Sun Oct 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not currently forecast for Tuesday.
    However, a few strong storms cannot be ruled out from northeast Ohio
    into western New York from late afternoon through evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    Southern portions of an upper trough will sweep east across the
    Great Lakes during the day and into the Northeast overnight, with
    relatively weak flow into the Plains with an upper ridge. A cold
    front will progress toward the lower Great Lakes and into the OH
    Valley late, accelerating across New England into Wednesday morning.

    Ahead of the front, dewpoints in the 60s F and pockets of heating
    will lead to several hundred J/kg MUCAPE into parts of New York and Pennsylvania, where large-scale ascent will be increasing late in
    the day. Areas of early precipitation will be possible ahead of the
    cold front during the day, which may limit destabilization. However,
    a diurnal increase in activity is likely as ascent is maximized,
    from northeast OH into northern PA and much of upstate NY.

    Forecast soundings from various models indicate uncertainty in the
    degree of destabilization and antecedent precipitation. In addition,
    much of the activity will occur during the evening after peak
    heating. Given these uncertainties, will maintain general
    thunderstorms for the area. However, given increasing deep-layer
    shear and lift, a conditional risk of at least isolated severe gusts
    cannot be ruled out should this setup trend in a more unstable
    direction.

    ..Jewell.. 10/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 6 06:53:47 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 060653
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060652

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0152 AM CDT Mon Oct 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will move across the eastern U.S. on Wednesday. At
    the surface, high pressure will build over the CONUS as surface cold
    front moves offshore the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Isolated
    thunderstorms will be possible near the eastward-advancing front
    from south TX into the Southeast and Eastern Seaboard. Severe
    thunderstorm potential will be limited by poor lapse rates, weak
    instability, and only modest vertical shear.

    Additional thunderstorms are possible across the southern Rockies
    vicinity where lingering moisture is forecast in the post-frontal
    upslope regime. Modest instability and weak shear will limit severe
    potential, but modest midlevel lapse rates and cool temperatures
    aloft could support isolated small hail with high-based convection.

    ..Leitman.. 10/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 6 18:59:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 061859
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061858

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 PM CDT Mon Oct 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will move from the Great Lakes across the
    northeastern states on Wednesday, with an upper high over the
    southern Plains. To the west, an upper low will drop south off the
    coastal Pacific Northwest, with deepening upper trough across much
    of the western states.

    At the surface, an expansive area of high pressure will affect much
    of the central and eastern CONUS, with high centered over the upper
    Great Lakes.

    Early day thunderstorms may occur along a cold front from southern
    New England into the northern Mid Atlantic, with minimal instability
    forecast prior to the front moving offshore. Other daytime storms
    will develop along the trailing front into the Carolinas and GA,
    with minimal instability again limiting severe potential beneath
    modest westerly flow aloft.

    Elsewhere, general thunderstorms will occur during the afternoon
    over much of NM and eastern AZ, but instability will not be as
    strong as on Tuesday.

    ..Jewell.. 10/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 7 07:00:24 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 070656
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070655

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 AM CDT Tue Oct 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Upper ridging will persist over the Plains on Thursday. A weak
    shortwave impulse will move through the top of the ridge toward the
    Upper Great Lakes while another shortwave trough approaches the
    northern Plains by the end of the period. A large upper cyclone is
    forecast to remain offshore the Pacific Northwest coast while
    Hurricane Priscilla parallels the Baja coast.

    Strong surface high pressure over the Great Lakes will result in a
    mostly dry and stable airmass across the Midwest. While some modest
    moisture will return northward across the Plains on the western
    periphery of the surface high and ahead of the northern Plains upper
    shortwave trough, boundary layer moisture will remain meager across
    the Plains, precluding thunderstorm activity. Isolated storms are
    possible across parts of the Southeast where lingering moisture will
    be in place behind a prior cold frontal passage, but severe storms
    are not expected. Additional storms are possible across parts of the
    Southwest where low-level south/southeasterly flow will transport
    modest boundary layer moisture across the region. Poor lapse rates
    will limit instability to less than 500 J/kg MLCAPE and severe
    storms are unlikely.

    ..Leitman.. 10/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 3 08:09:44 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 030809
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030808

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0208 AM CST Mon Nov 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across parts of the Pacific Northwest
    on Wednesday and Wednesday night. No severe threat is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level trough is forecast to approach the West Coat Wednesday
    morning and move inland during the afternoon. Mid-level moisture and
    strong large-scale ascent, associated with the trough, will be
    favorable for isolated thunderstorm development from near the
    Pacific Northwest coast inland across parts of northern California,
    Oregon and Washington. No severe threat is expected in the Pacific
    Northwest, mainly due to a lack of instability. Elsewhere across the continental U.S., no thunderstorm activity is forecast.

    ..Broyles.. 11/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 3 19:26:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 031926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 031925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0125 PM CST Mon Nov 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across parts of the Pacific Northwest
    on Wednesday. Organized severe thunderstorms currently appear
    unlikely.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A large-scale upper trough will advance inland across the Pacific
    Northwest on Wednesday. Cool mid-level temperatures and strong
    large-scale ascent associated with the upper trough may support
    sufficient but weak instability and the maintenance of a low-topped
    band of thunderstorms. This activity should be ongoing along/near
    the coast of WA/OR/northern CA at the start of the period early
    Wednesday morning. Strong flow/shear is forecast at low/mid levels,
    which would conditionally support organized convection. However,
    surface-based instability is currently forecast to remain very weak,
    which may tend to limit the overall severe threat along/near the
    coast. Have therefore refrained from including low severe
    probabilities at this time. The potential for isolated thunderstorms
    may continue inland for portions of the higher terrain of WA/OR and
    northern CA through the period as the upper trough continues
    eastward.

    ..Gleason.. 11/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 10 06:46:34 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 100646
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100645

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1245 AM CST Mon Nov 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Wednesday or Wednesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Stable and/or dry conditions will preclude lightning-producing
    convection across much of the CONUS. One exception is along coastal
    OR/northern CA on Wednesday night into early morning Thursday.
    Instability should initially be negligible within the low-level warm
    conveyor preceding a broad upper trough over the northeast Pacific.
    As the trough approaches the West Coast late, steepening of
    mid-level lapse rates may be sufficient for scant buoyancy within an
    onshore flow regime, yielding an isolated thunderstorm risk.

    ..Grams.. 11/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 10 18:31:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 101831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CST Mon Nov 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for thunderstorms appears negligible across much of the
    U.S. Wednesday through Wednesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that large-scale mid/upper ridging, inland of the
    Pacific coast at the outset of the period, may slowly expand east of
    the Great Plains through the Mississippi Valley, while broad
    downstream troughing is maintained across the Atlantic Seaboard
    through Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay vicinity. Upstream, an
    initially significant trough may continue digging toward the Pacific
    coast, but perhaps not as fast as upstream ridging builds eastward
    across the mid-latitude Pacific. As the troughing approaches the
    Pacific coast late in the period, it may begin to split, with one
    mid-level cold core perhaps digging a bit more sharply toward Oregon
    and California coastal areas.

    Spread is evident among the various model output concerning
    developments across the Pacific Coast vicinity, but it does appear
    that the mid-level cold core will be preceded inland by a frontal
    precipitation band with embedded convection late Wednesday evening
    through Wednesday night. Due to relatively warm mid-levels,
    thermodynamic profiles within this regime are not expected to
    support an appreciable risk (10 percent or greater) for convection
    capable of producing lightning. Better potential may develop
    beneath the colder (including 500 mb temperatures at or below around
    -24 C) post-frontal mid-level environment. But, it appears that
    this may not spread inland until after 12Z Thursday.

    Otherwise, while gradual surface pressure falls commence to the lee
    of the Rockies, low-level moisture return on southerly low-level
    flow off the western Gulf Basin is not forecast to yield appreciable destabilization through at least this period.

    ..Kerr.. 11/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 13 07:30:02 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 130729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Mon Oct 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN ROCKIES AND CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated severe threat is expected to develop from Wednesday into
    Wednesday night across parts of the southern Rockies, and in the
    central High Plains. Marginally severe wind gusts and hail will be
    the primary threats.

    ...Southern Rockies...
    A mid-level ridge will be located over the central U.S. on
    Wednesday, as cyclonic mid-level flow remains in place from the
    Desert Southwest into the central Rockies. Along the southeastern
    periphery of the stronger flow, a north-to-south axis of instability
    is forecast from southwest New Mexico into southern Colorado.
    Warming surface temperatures during the day will aid convective
    initiation in the higher terrain during the afternoon. Storms will
    move northeastward into the lower elevations. Steep low-level lapse
    rates and moderate deep-layer shear should be enough for an isolated
    severe threat. Marginally severe wind gusts and hail will be
    possible with the stronger cores.

    ...Central High Plains...
    A mid-level low will move northeastward through the Intermountain
    West on Wednesday, as an associated 70 to 80 knot jet streak moves
    through the Four Corners region. The exit region of the jet will
    overspread the central High Plains Wednesday night, providing a
    broad zone of large-scale ascent that will aid scattered
    thunderstorm development. At the surface, a lee trough will develop
    and steadily deepen in the central High Plains on Wednesday. A warm
    front will move northward into western and central Nebraska as an east-southeast-to-west-northwest axis of low-level moisture becomes increasingly defined behind the front. Instability is forecast to
    become maximized during the evening at the western end of the moist
    axis over western Nebraska and far southeastern Wyoming. This pocket
    of instability is forecast to move northward into western South
    Dakota by late evening. In addition to the instability, deep-layer
    shear will steadily increase across the central High Plains as the
    jet streak approaches, making conditions supportive of an isolated
    severe threat. Cells that develop within the area of strongest
    instability may have potential for marginally severe wind gusts and
    hail.

    ..Broyles.. 10/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 13 19:29:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 131929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Mon Oct 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS AND SOUTHERN ROCKIES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible on Wednesday across parts of the
    southern Rockies, and over the central High Plains. Areas of hail
    will be the primary risk, with sporadic strong gusts possible.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper low over UT will pivot northeastward toward the northern
    Rockies, with a belt of strong mid and high level flow moving across
    the Rockies and into the central and northern High Plains by
    Thursday morning. Low pressure will develop over eastern CO and WY
    during the afternoon, and will move into the Dakotas overnight.

    Surface moisture return will be limited due to a large area of high
    pressure over the Great Lakes, with poor trajectories extending
    south into the northern Gulf of America. However, cooling aloft with
    the upper trough and an existing plume of midlevel moisture will aid destabilization. By late afternoon, MUCAPE of 500-1000 J/kg is
    forecast over central NM, and from northeast CO into western NE.
    Early day precip may hamper destabilization in parts of the southern
    Rockies, but a few storms could produce marginal hail.

    Farther north into CO/WY/NE, isolated severe storms producing hail
    appear more likely as instability is more likely to be at or above
    1000 J/kg, along with long hodographs. Further, an increasing
    southerly low-level jet may aid storm longevity into the evening
    into western SD.

    ..Jewell.. 10/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 13 21:32:05 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 132132
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 132131

    Day 3 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0431 PM CDT Mon Oct 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS AND SOUTHERN ROCKIES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible on Wednesday across parts of the
    southern Rockies, and over the central High Plains. Areas of hail
    will be the primary risk, with sporadic strong gusts possible.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper low over UT will pivot northeastward toward the northern
    Rockies, with a belt of strong mid and high level flow moving across
    the Rockies and into the central and northern High Plains by
    Thursday morning. Low pressure will develop over eastern CO and WY
    during the afternoon, and will move into the Dakotas overnight.

    Surface moisture return will be limited due to a large area of high
    pressure over the Great Lakes, with poor trajectories extending
    south into the northern Gulf of America. However, cooling aloft with
    the upper trough and an existing plume of midlevel moisture will aid destabilization. By late afternoon, MUCAPE of 500-1000 J/kg is
    forecast over central NM, and from northeast CO into western NE.
    Early day precip may hamper destabilization in parts of the southern
    Rockies, but a few storms could produce marginal hail.

    Farther north into CO/WY/NE, isolated severe storms producing hail
    appear more likely as instability is more likely to be at or above
    1000 J/kg, along with long hodographs. Further, an increasing
    southerly low-level jet may aid storm longevity into the evening
    into western SD.

    ..Jewell.. 10/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 13 22:59:05 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 132259
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 132257

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0557 PM CDT Mon Oct 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS AND SOUTHERN ROCKIES...

    CORRECTED FOR IMPROPER LINE GROUPINGS

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible on Wednesday across parts of the
    southern Rockies, and over the central High Plains. Areas of hail
    will be the primary risk, with sporadic strong gusts possible.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper low over UT will pivot northeastward toward the northern
    Rockies, with a belt of strong mid and high level flow moving across
    the Rockies and into the central and northern High Plains by
    Thursday morning. Low pressure will develop over eastern CO and WY
    during the afternoon, and will move into the Dakotas overnight.

    Surface moisture return will be limited due to a large area of high
    pressure over the Great Lakes, with poor trajectories extending
    south into the northern Gulf of America. However, cooling aloft with
    the upper trough and an existing plume of midlevel moisture will aid destabilization. By late afternoon, MUCAPE of 500-1000 J/kg is
    forecast over central NM, and from northeast CO into western NE.
    Early day precip may hamper destabilization in parts of the southern
    Rockies, but a few storms could produce marginal hail.

    Farther north into CO/WY/NE, isolated severe storms producing hail
    appear more likely as instability is more likely to be at or above
    1000 J/kg, along with long hodographs. Further, an increasing
    southerly low-level jet may aid storm longevity into the evening
    into western SD.

    ..Jewell.. 10/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 19 07:24:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 190724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Sun Oct 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible over the Great Lakes South
    Florida, and Gulf Coast regions Tuesday. Severe thunderstorms are
    not expected.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    The upper low over the East Coast will weaken as it phases with a
    second upper trough moving across the Great Lakes and Northeast. A
    cold front will stretch from the surface low over the Great Lakes to
    the central Gulf Coast and move southeastward through the day. Cool
    mid-level temperatures beneath the broad low will support very weak
    buoyancy and some shallow storms across the Great Lakes/Upper OH
    valley Tuesday afternoon.

    Southwest of the primary upper low, subsidence behind a strong
    northwesterly mid-level jet will strengthen post-frontal high
    pressure over the central US. Offshore flow associated with the high
    pressure is expected to scour surface moisture over much of the
    eastern CONUS outside of south FL and the central Gulf Coast.
    Isolated storms are possible along typical sea breeze boundaries,
    though with only weak ascent and little to no vertical shear. Thus,
    severe storms are unlikely over the CONUS Tuesday.

    ..Lyons.. 10/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 19 19:12:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 191912
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191910

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0210 PM CDT Sun Oct 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible over the Great Lakes, South
    Florida, and the northwest Gulf Coast regions Tuesday. Severe
    thunderstorms are not expected.

    ...Synopsis...

    A broad upper trough will envelop much of the eastern half of the
    CONUS on Tuesday. A surface low will migrate across the Great Lakes,
    with a trailing cold front developing southeast across TX and the
    much of the Southeast and Eastern Seaboard. Rich boundary layer
    moisture across coastal TX into LA will be in place ahead of the
    front, aiding in weak to moderate destabilization through peak
    heating. Stronger large-scale ascent will be focused well to the
    northeast, but ascent along the front may support isolated
    thunderstorms. Vertical shear will generally be weak, but a couple
    of stronger storms could produce gusty winds. More robust updrafts
    will likely be limited by poor midlevel lapse rates/warm midlevel
    temps.

    Additional isolated thunderstorms will be possible across parts of
    the Great Lakes and upper Ohio Valley beneath the cold core of the
    upper low/trough, and across south FL within a moist and unstable
    environment. Severe storms are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 10/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 20 07:30:16 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 200730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Mon Oct 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are unlikely over the CONUS Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A strong and broad upper low will dominate the mid-level flow
    pattern over the eastern half of the CONUS as it moves slowly from
    the Great Lakes into southern Canada Wednesday. Behind it, strong
    northwesterly flow aloft and weak ridging will then develop over the
    central US as a surface cold front moves off the Atlantic coast. The
    offshore flow should keep dry and stable conditions in place for
    much of the country with the exception of south Florida and parts of
    New England. Shallow moisture associated with remnant onshore flow
    east of the upper low across New England could support isolated
    low-topped storms Wednesday afternoon. However, buoyancy will be
    very weak, and storm coverage limited, such that severe potential is
    low.
    To the west, a smaller southern stream upper low will move onshore
    from the Pacific into the Southwest late Wednesday afternoon into
    early Thursday. Cooling mid-level temperatures and weak moisture
    advection from the Gulf of California could support isolated storms
    over the Four Corners and southern Rockies. Though with weak
    buoyancy severe potential appears very limited.

    ..Lyons.. 10/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 4 07:41:23 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 040741
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040740

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0140 AM CST Tue Nov 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast on Thursday or Thursday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    Thunderstorm potential appears negligible across much of the CONUS,
    with low-probability highlights over parts of the Pacific Northwest,
    northern Rockies, and Midwest.

    A dampened shortwave trough consisting of multiple embedded impulses
    will shift from the Northwest early Thursday into the North-Central
    States by early Friday. Nearby presence of the mid-level cold core
    may be sufficient for scant buoyancy across the northern Rockies and
    very isolated thunderstorms on Thursday afternoon. Downstream,
    non-NAM guidance suggests a strengthening low-level warm conveyor on
    Thursday night could yield scant elevated buoyancy across the Lower
    MO/Mid-MS Valleys. This may support isolated embedded thunderstorms
    on the trailing/southern portion of an emerging rain swath.

    In the Pacific Northwest, after a brief period of weak mid-level
    ridging on Thursday morning, the next upstream trough should move
    east from the northeast Pacific and impinge on the coast Thursday
    afternoon. This setup appears more thermodynamically limited
    relative to the D2 MRGL threat, with negligible surface-based
    buoyancy largely progged where deep-layer shear is strong.

    ..Grams.. 11/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 4 19:31:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 041931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0130 PM CST Tue Nov 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast on Thursday or Thursday night.

    ...Discussion...
    A progressive pattern with multiple embedded shortwave troughs will
    be present across the Northwest on Thursday. A pocket of cooler
    temperatures aloft within this broader flow regime may result in a
    few lightning flashes across portions of the northern Rockies.
    Farther west, cooling mid-level temperatures with the next
    approaching mid-level trough may result in a few thunderstorms off
    the Washington coast and perhaps a bit inland across western
    Washington. Scant buoyancy will keep any severe weather threat
    limited.

    As a mid-level trough traverses the Upper Midwest, a tongue of
    moisture is expected to advect northward within a warm air advection
    regime across the Midwest. Weak elevated instability may result in a
    few elevated weak thunderstorms Thursday evening/night.

    ..Bentley.. 11/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 17 19:25:30 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 171925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0124 PM CST Mon Nov 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible across parts of the southern
    Plains on Wednesday evening into early Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Wednesday, mid-level ridging will be present across much of the
    eastern CONUS. A low-latitude trough will move slowly east across
    the Southwest and start to emerge across the southern High Plains by
    the end of the period.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Instability will increase during the day Wednesday as rich low-level
    moisture advects northwestward across Texas. By 00Z, the primary
    trough will start to emerge over the southern Plains with height
    falls spreading east, a strengthening low-level jet, and upper-level
    diffluence above a surface front. This increasing forcing,
    especially after 00Z, should result in scattered thunderstorm
    activity from the Rio Grande to the Red River from the Edwards
    Plateau to north-central Texas. Despite the unfavorable overnight
    timing, some severe weather is possible given moderate instability
    and shear combined with moderate to strong forcing for ascent.

    ...Southeast Arizona and southwest New Mexico...
    Strong heating is expected across southeast Arizona and southwest
    New Mexico Wednesday afternoon with weak instability forecast to
    develop. A few strong storms capable of small hail and gusty winds
    may develop within a strongly sheared environment during the
    afternoon. At this time, instability appears too weak for severe
    weather probabilities.

    ..Bentley.. 11/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 18 07:59:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 180758
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180758

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 AM CST Tue Nov 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are possible across the southern Plains on
    Thursday. Severe thunderstorms potential is uncertain, but appears
    limited at this time. Isolated thunderstorms may extend into the
    Ohio and Tennessee Valleys as well, though this activity is not
    expected to be severe.

    ...Southern Plains...

    An upper trough over AZ and northwest Mexico will pivot
    east/northeast on Thursday, emerging into the southern Plains. Most
    guidance shows some deamplification of this feature with
    time/eastward extent. Regardless, increasing ascent and moderate
    deep-layer southwesterly flow is expected to overspread TX/OK and
    the Ozark Plateau.

    Widespread showers/thunderstorms are expected to be ongoing across
    portions of the southern Plains Thursday morning. This will likely
    limit destabilization and result in weak low-level lapse rates
    across much of the warm sector. Some strong storms could be possible
    as modest surface cyclogenesis occurs and a Pacific front moves east
    across western/central OK and central into eastern TX by Friday
    morning. However, with deep-layer flow parallel to the surface
    boundary, training/heavy precipitation may be more likely than
    organized severe storms. Given uncertainty in degree of
    destabilization due to widespread convective contamination of the
    warm sector, will hold off delineating any low-end severe
    probabilities as confidence is low regarding where any relatively
    greater potential may develop.

    ..Leitman.. 11/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 14 07:27:07 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 140727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Tue Oct 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with marginally severe hail will be
    possible on Thursday in the late afternoon across parts of the
    central High Plains.

    ...Central High Plains...
    A mid-level low is forecast to move northeastward into the northern
    High Plains on Thursday, as an associated trough passes through the Intermountain West. Southwest flow will remain over much of the
    Great Plains, as a ridge moves eastward away from the region. At the
    surface, a cold front is forecast to move southeastward across the
    central High Plains. Strong low-level convergence is forecast to
    develop along the front during the late afternoon, being conducive
    for thunderstorm development. Forecast soundings near the
    instability axis in the late afternoon have MUCAPE of 500 to 1000
    J/kg with low to mid-level lapse rates in the 7.5 to 8.5 C/km range.
    In addition, effective shear is forecast to be in the 50 to 60 knot
    range. This should support marginally severe hail with rotating
    cells that develop. Model forecasts suggest that most of the
    convection will be behind the boundary, which will be limiting
    factor. The hail threat is expected to peak in a relatively narrow
    window in the late afternoon.

    ..Broyles.. 10/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 14 19:16:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 141916
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141915

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 PM CDT Tue Oct 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A SMALL
    PART OF THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with marginally severe hail will be
    possible on Thursday in the late afternoon across parts of the
    central High Plains.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper trough extending from MT into AZ will eject northeastward
    toward the northern Plains on Thursday, with a leading midlevel
    speed max moving northeastward out of CO. Through 00Z, a surface low
    will pivot northeastward across the Dakotas with a warm front from
    eastern ND into northwest MN. Meanwhile, a cold front will extend
    southwestward into eastern CO. Ahead of this front, southerly winds
    across the Plains will maintain areas of low to mid 50s F dewpoints.

    Early in the day, an expansive area of rain and elevated
    thunderstorms is expected in the warm advection zone from MT into ND
    and northern MN. Though not severe, small hail cannot be ruled out
    with some of the stronger elevated cores.

    As the warm sector develops to the south, a small area of larger
    instability is forecast from eastern CO into western KS and
    southwest NE near the front/wind shift. Even so, MLCAPE values are
    likely to remain below 1000 J/kg. However, heating near the front
    should allow for scattered cells to develop, and favorable supercell
    wind profiles will favor hail production.

    ..Jewell.. 10/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 15 07:23:15 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 150723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Wed Oct 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated large hail and severe wind gusts will be
    possible Friday into Friday night from the southern and central
    Plains into the lower Missouri Valley.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Lower Missouri Valley...
    A mid-level trough will move eastward across the central Rockies on
    Friday, as southwest flow remains in place over much of the Great
    Plains and Mississippi Valley. At the surface, a cold front will
    advance southeastward across the central Plains as moisture
    advection takes place over the southern Plains and Ark-La-Tex.
    Low-level convergence along and just ahead of the front will lead to thunderstorm development by early Friday evening from Iowa into
    northwestern Missouri and eastern Kansas. Additional storm formation
    is expected in southern Kansas and western Oklahoma during the
    evening.

    By early Friday evening, NAM forecast soundings have MLCAPE
    increasing into the 800 to 1200 J/kg range along a
    southwest-to-northeast axis of instability from western Oklahoma
    into southern and eastern Kansas. Along this corridor, 0-6 km shear
    is forecast to be near 40 knots. This should support an isolated
    severe threat, with hail and severe wind gusts possible. One
    limiting factor is that lapse rates are forecast to remain weak.
    This should help to marginalize any severe threat. As the low-level
    jet ramps up and moisture advection continues, the severe potential
    will likely be maintained into the overnight period.

    ..Broyles.. 10/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 20 19:04:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 201904
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201903

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 PM CDT Mon Oct 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep upper low will remain dominant across the northeast states on
    Wednesday, while a shortwave trough moves across southern CA and
    into the desert southwest. Scattered thunderstorms will be possible
    beneath the cold upper low over parts of New England, and along the
    immediate leeward shores of the lower Great Lakes. No severe storms
    are anticipated.

    Other scattered thunderstorms will be possible in a plume of
    mid-level moisture ahead of the western trough - mainly from
    southern UT into parts of CO/NM. Again, no severe storms are
    currently expected.

    ..Hart.. 10/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 21 07:31:21 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 210731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Tue Oct 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms capable of hail and damaging winds are
    possible Thursday and Thursday Night across portions of the southern
    Plains.

    ...Southern Plains...
    A positive-tilt shortwave trough will move from the Southwest over
    the southern Rockies helping to deepen an elongated lee low over the
    adjacent High Plains Thursday and Thursday night. As the surface low
    matures, southeasterly low-level flow will intensify, drawing a warm
    front northward from west-central TX toward the KS/OK border. Modest
    moisture return is expected with the front and to the east of
    trailing lee trough/Pacific front over eastern NM and west TX.
    Moisture depth is likely to be shallow in the wake the frontal
    passage earlier this week. Still, advection of colder temperatures
    aloft in conjunction with at least some moistening of the boundary
    layer amid diurnal heating should allow for destabilization of the
    air mass (SBCAPE ~ 1000 J/kg) late Thursday into early Friday.

    While buoyancy may be somewhat marginal and remains dependent on the
    degree of return moisture, isolated storms could develop along the
    lee trough from far eastern NM into the TX Panhandle Thursday
    afternoon and early evening. Increasingly strong veering wind
    profiles would favor some storm organization into supercells or
    multicell clusters. Hail and damaging gusts would be possible with
    any strong to severe storms able to persist.

    Overnight, mid-level height falls are forecast to continue spreading
    eastward, aiding in the development of a 40-50 kt southerly
    low-level jet. Strong isentropic ascent should result in scattered
    to numerous thunderstorms along and north of the lifting warm
    frontal zone from central OK into southern KS. Modest elevated
    buoyancy (MUCAPE 500-1000 J/kg) and 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear
    could support isolated severe storms with hail as the primary risk
    overnight.

    ..Lyons.. 10/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 28 07:31:57 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 280731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Tue Oct 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms may occur from eastern North Carolina into parts of
    the Mid Atlantic on Thursday. Severe potential appears low at this
    time.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep mid/upper-level trough is forecast to take on a negative tilt
    across the eastern CONUS on Thursday, as an upstream shortwave
    trough and jet maximum dig southeastward across the northern Plains
    and Upper Midwest. A surface low initially near the central
    Appalachians is forecast to deepen as it moves northeastward toward
    New England. A cold front will sweep through the Carolinas and Mid
    Atlantic during the day, and move eastward across parts of New
    England by Thursday night.

    ...Eastern NC into parts of the Mid Atlantic...
    Extensive precipitation with embedded thunderstorms will likely be
    ongoing Thursday morning from eastern NC into parts of the Mid
    Atlantic. While at least low 60s F dewpoints may advance inland in
    conjunction with the deepening surface low, weak lapse rates and
    widespread cloudiness/precipitation are expected to limit
    surface-based destabilization. The most aggressive guidance with
    respect to destabilization (such as the NAM/RRFS) would support some
    potential for organized convection along/ahead of the cold front
    from the morning into at least the early afternoon, in the presence
    of strong deep-layer flow/shear. However, the bulk of guidance
    depicts very limited destabilization, and uncertainty regarding the
    development of sufficient instability precludes severe probabilities
    at this time.

    ..Dean.. 10/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 27 19:15:21 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 271915
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271914

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 PM CDT Mon Oct 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Little to no thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will deepen on Wednesday as it swings northeastward out
    of AR and toward the upper OH Valley late. This low will be within a
    large upper trough which will amplify across much of the Southeast
    and toward the Mid Atlantic into Thursday.

    Cool northerly surface winds will exist over much of the central US,
    with a somewhat broad area of low pressure over the Southeast ahead
    of the upper trough. A cold front will be moving across the northern
    Gulf early Wednesday, with a minimal moisture plume perhaps
    extending northeastward toward the FL Panhandle. There may be
    scattered showers along this front, but relatively poor lapse rate
    profiles suggest any convection would be weak and perhaps shallow.

    Otherwise, the air mass ahead of the upper trough should remain
    mostly stable, the exception being the possibility of highly
    elevated instability wrapping northwestward across the Mid Atlantic.
    While a lightning flash cannot be ruled out late Wednesday into
    Wednesday night in that region, the overall threat of thunderstorms
    or any substantial lightning appears minimal.

    ..Jewell.. 10/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 28 19:01:34 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 281901
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281900

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 PM CDT Tue Oct 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms may occur from eastern North Carolina into parts of
    the Mid Atlantic on Thursday. Severe potential appears low at this
    time.

    ...Synopsis...

    A compact upper cyclone within a large-scale upper trough across the
    eastern U.S. will lift northeast along the Atlantic Seaboard on
    Thursday. A coastal surface low, initially over VA, will deepen as
    it likewise tracks northeast through the period. A narrow warm
    sector will overlap portions of the Chesapeake Bay/southern
    Mid-Atlantic vicinity through early afternoon. Strong deep-layer
    southerly low-level flow is forecast and may support locally strong
    gusts near coastal areas as the low deepens and lifts northeast.

    Low-level thermodynamic profiles are expected to remain poor, with
    very weak lapse rates. Additionally, forecast soundings show a warm
    layer around 850 mb atop a cooler low-level boundary layer, further
    limiting instability and downward momentum transport of stronger
    winds near the 925-850 mb layer. While low-topped convection is
    expected across the Mid-Atlantic, poor thermodynamics will preclude
    severe potential.

    ..Leitman.. 10/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 29 06:50:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 290650
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290649

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0149 AM CDT Wed Oct 29 2025

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential appears low on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad, large-scale mid/upper-level trough will remain in place
    over much of the central/eastern CONUS on Friday. Within the
    large-scale trough, a mid/upper-level cyclone and attendant deep
    surface low will move northeastward across New England, as an
    upstream trough amplifies across parts of the Plains and Upper
    Midwest.

    Dry/stable conditions in the wake of a significant frontal passage
    will limit thunderstorm potential across the CONUS. Weak convection
    will be possible across parts of northern New England and also
    across the Great Lakes vicinity, but forecast buoyancy appears
    insufficient for more than very isolated/sporadic lightning
    activity. Some low-level moisture return may commence across parts
    of south TX Friday night, but instability is expected remain
    negligible through the end of the period.

    ..Dean.. 10/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 29 19:14:41 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 291914
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 291913

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 PM CDT Wed Oct 29 2025

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential appears low on Friday.

    ...Discussion...
    A large scale upper-trough will exist across the eastern two-thirds
    of the CONUS on Friday. Meanwhile, a strong cold front will have
    pushed well offshore into the Atlantic and Gulf on Day 2/Thu. As a
    result, an expansive dry/stable airmass will be present across the
    CONUS. Some shallow convection is possible across the Upper
    Midwest/Great Lakes, but it is expected to be too shallow for
    lightning generation. Therefore, thunderstorm potential is low
    across the CONUS on Friday.

    ..Bentley.. 10/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 5 07:57:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 050757
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050756

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0156 AM CST Wed Nov 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE TN
    VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are possible, mainly
    Friday afternoon to evening, from parts of the Deep South to the
    Ohio Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad mid/upper trough, consisting of several embedded shortwave
    impulses, will be maintained across the Northwest to the East on
    Friday. Primary feature of interest will be the southernmost
    shortwave impulse, progressing east across the Lower MO and OH
    Valleys. At the surface, a cyclone over the northern Great Lakes
    will move into QC. An attendant cold front will trail southwestward,
    impinging on the Lower Great Lakes to Mid-South by late afternoon.

    ...Deep South to OH Valley...
    Modified moisture return from the south-central Gulf should yield a
    plume of moderate buoyancy over the Lower MS Valley by Friday
    afternoon, with progressively weaker buoyancy extending northeast
    ahead of the aforementioned cold front. Elevated convection may be
    ongoing at 12Z Friday in parts of the Midwest within the low-level
    warm conveyor. This activity will probably persist through the day
    amid pronounced mid-level height falls. Whether this can become
    surface based into the OH Valley vicinity, along the periphery of
    the aforementioned buoyancy plume, is uncertain. Despite potentially
    meager instability at most, expected fast low to mid-level flow will
    be sufficient to warrant low severe probabilities.

    Farther south, more probable severe-storm development appears to be
    centered from south-central KY across the TN Valley. This corridor
    should have a better opportunity for weak to modest destabilization,
    where strong deep-layer shear and hodographs would favor supercells.
    Consensus of non-NAM guidance is insistent on late afternoon to
    early evening convective development along/ahead of this portion of
    the front, which appears sufficient to warrant a level 2-SLGT risk
    highlight. How intense and widespread the severe threat may become
    will largely depend on the degree of destabilization early.
    Subsiding large-scale ascent from southwest to northeast on Friday
    night casts low confidence in the longevity of lingering severe.

    ..Grams.. 11/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 5 19:32:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 051931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0130 PM CST Wed Nov 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE TN
    VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are possible, mainly
    Friday afternoon to evening, from parts of the Deep South to the
    Ohio Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad mid-level trough which will dominate the eastern two-thirds
    of the CONUS on Friday will have several embedded shortwave troughs.
    The most notable of these will be a mid-level trough across the Ohio
    Valley with an associated cold front extending from the southern
    Great Lakes to the Lower Mississippi Valley on Friday afternoon.

    ...TN/KY into far southern Ohio...
    Weak instability may develop on the northern periphery of the
    advancing warm sector across TN/KY and southern Ohio during the day.
    NAM forecast soundings show at least marginal surface based
    instability to the Ohio River with at least some potential that it
    extends farther north. While instability will not be great in this
    region, strong lower tropospheric flow will support some damaging
    wind threat with any organized storms.

    The greatest coverage and intensity of severe storms is anticipated
    across Middle Tennessee and vicinity where pockets of moderate
    instability may develop within a supercell wind profile. As height
    falls overspread the cold front/warm sector, expect storms,
    including some supercells, to develop. Long, straight hodographs
    will primarily support hail and wind, but some localized areas of
    low-level backed flow could support an isolated tornado threat.

    Greater instability (moderate to potentially strong) is forecast to
    develop across central MS/AL during the afternoon. Forcing will be
    more subtle that far south, but weak height falls may be sufficient
    for a few storms to develop within an uncapped airmass Friday
    afternoon. Moderate (35 to 40 knots) effective shear will support
    supercell storm mode with anything that develops across this region.
    A conditional threat for mainly large hail may exist with this
    activity. However, a Level 1/MRGL threat appears sufficient given
    storm coverage uncertainties farther from the upper-level forcing.

    ..Bentley.. 11/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 6 08:19:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 060819
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060818

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CST Thu Nov 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE
    SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible, mainly on Saturday
    evening/night, across parts of the Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    As one shortwave impulse moves offshore of the Mid-Atlantic and
    Northeast early, a vigorous shortwave impulse will dig from the
    Northern Great Plains into the Mid-MS Valley and Midwest. This will
    support greater amplification of an expansive upper trough east of
    the Rockies with a ridge building across the West. Cyclogenesis
    should occur across the Lower MO Valley, tracking east into the OH
    vicinity by 12Z Sunday.

    ...Southeast...
    Forcing for ascent appears nebulous during the day Saturday in the
    wake of the aforementioned trough passage along the coastal
    Mid-Atlantic, and a remnant zonal mid-level flow regime across the
    Southeast. The prior D2 cold front should stall and undergo a period
    of frontolysis. Remnant outflow boundaries from overnight/Saturday
    morning convection may aid in isolated convection during the
    afternoon, with perhaps a few strong storms in parts of the interior
    Deep South.

    By evening into Saturday night, mid-level height falls will increase
    downstream of the amplifying central states trough, and the residual
    surface front should accelerate eastward from the Lower MS to TN
    Valleys. Strengthening flow fields will be most prominent in the
    mid-levels, largely relegated to overnight. The 00Z GFS appears to
    be an outlier with a lack of appreciable convection, perhaps related
    to depictions of weak lapse rates and low RH in the mid-levels. The
    rest of guidance consensus indicates increasing nocturnal
    development along the aforementioned cold front and downstream wedge
    front near the southern Appalachians. Both regimes appear supportive
    of a low-probability severe highlight.

    ..Grams.. 11/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 11 07:28:13 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 110728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0127 AM CST Tue Nov 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday or Thursday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible, mainly on Thursday morning to
    afternoon, from central CA to western OR. Embedded within a broader
    upper trough initially off the West Coast, a leading shortwave
    impulse should eject northeast and move inland by Thursday night.
    The attendant low-level warm conveyor will be most pronounced
    Thursday morning before diminishing as it separates southward in CA.
    While a few lightning flashes are possible amid flimsy instability
    within this regime, mid-level lapse rates will steepen in its wake
    with approach of the cold core. This should focus isolated,
    low-topped thunderstorms from northern CA through western OR on
    Thursday afternoon. Small hail may accompany a storm in the northern
    Sacramento Valley but scant buoyancy should limit severe potential.

    ..Grams.. 11/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 11 18:57:46 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 111857
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111856

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 PM CST Tue Nov 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for thunderstorms appears to remain negligible across much
    of the U.S. Thursday through Thursday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that there will likely be little change to the
    large-scale pattern across eastern North America into the Atlantic
    through this period, with a blocking mid-level high forecast to be
    maintained near/offshore of the southern Greenland Atlantic coast.
    Upstream, it appears that flow will remain more progressive across
    the mid-latitude Pacific into western North America.

    The northern portion of a splitting mid/upper trough across the
    eastern Pacific may be reinforced by a digging short wave
    perturbation, while progressing inland across British Columbia and
    the Pacific Northwest. It appears that this will provide support
    for notable surface cyclogenesis to the lee of the Canadian/northern
    U.S. Rockies. While initial surface troughing southward through the
    remainder of the high plains into the Texas Big Bend vicinity may be maintained, the development of a deep southerly moist return flow
    off the western Gulf Basin still appears unlikely through 12Z Friday
    and beyond.

    Spread concerning the subsequent evolution of the mid-level low
    within the southern portion of the splitting eastern Pacific trough
    remains more substantive. However, the initially deep associated
    surface cyclone is generally forecast to rapidly weaken offshore of
    the southern Oregon/northern California coast, while the mid-level
    cold core (initially including 500 mb temperatures of -24 to -28 C)
    continues to dig well offshore of the central/southern California
    coast.

    ...California...
    With the mid-level cold core forecast to dig offshore, the
    development of thermodynamic profiles potentially conducive to an
    appreciable risk for convection capable of producing lightning
    (i.e., 10 percent or greater probabilities) remains unclear.
    However, high resolution, convection allowing ensemble output and
    related guidance suggest at least minimal, though diminishing,
    probabilities for a pre-frontal thunderstorm or two may be
    maintained across and inland of the northern California coast
    Thursday morning.

    As a southerly low-level jet (still on the order of 50-70 kt around
    850 mb) impinges on the Siskiyous/Mount Shasta into northern Sierra
    Nevada vicinity, it also might not be out of the question that
    strong orographic forcing for ascent contributes to sufficient
    destabilization for convection briefly becoming capable of producing
    a lightning strike or two into at least midday Thursday.

    ..Kerr.. 11/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 12 07:21:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 120721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0120 AM CST Wed Nov 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Friday or Friday night.

    ...Discussion...
    A closed upper low will fully cutoff from the westerlies by Friday
    night, drifting offshore of southern CA. Bands of showers should
    persist through much of the period in the onshore flow regime across
    coastal southern CA. While mid-level lapse rates will remain weak,
    scant elevated buoyancy should be maintained and may foster isolated thunderstorms. MUCAPE will become negligible with eastern extent
    over the Mojave Desert, likely yielding a confined thunder threat
    through 12Z Saturday.

    ..Grams.. 11/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 7 19:26:58 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 071926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Tue Oct 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep mid/upper-level trough will remain in place across the
    Pacific Coast and adjacent eastern Pacific on Thursday. Hurricane
    Priscilla is forecast by NHC to move north-northwestward off of the
    Baja California coast, as it begins to be influenced by the deep
    western trough. Moisture associated with Priscilla will advance
    northward across parts of the Southwest, Great Basin, and eventually
    the interior Northwest, and will aid in the development of isolated
    to widely scattered thunderstorms across the region.

    Across the Southeast, a cold front will continue moving southward
    toward the Gulf Coast and Florida Peninsula. Generally disorganized
    storms will be possible near the front, within a modestly unstable
    and weakly sheared environment.

    In parts of the Midwest and Upper Great Lakes, weak moistening is
    expected later in the day into Thursday night, in response to a
    vigorous mid/upper-level shortwave trough moving southeastward out
    of northwest Ontario. Buoyancy may become sufficient to support
    sporadic elevated convection within a low-level warm-advection
    regime Thursday night.

    ..Dean.. 10/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 8 07:08:43 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 080708
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080707

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CDT Wed Oct 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential appears low on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper ridge will persist over the Plains on Friday. Meanwhile, a
    shortwave upper trough will migrate east across the Great Lakes
    while a second upper trough moves inland across the Pacific
    Northwest.

    A weak surface front will develop southeast across the Upper Midwest
    as the upper trough ejects eastward. Some guidance suggests shallow,
    low-topped convection may develop near/just behind the front across
    the Great Lakes, though little lightning may accompany this
    activity.

    Moisture will increase northward across much of the western U.S.
    ahead of the upper trough and in relation to Hurricane Priscilla,
    which is forecast by NHC to approach the northern Baja peninsula on
    Friday. Isolated thunderstorms are expected, but weak instability
    will limit severe potential. Additional storms are possible across
    parts of FL as a surface cold front develops south across the
    Peninsula and into the Gulf. Poor lapse rates and weak
    instability/shear will preclude severe potential.

    ..Leitman.. 10/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 21 19:27:56 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 211927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Tue Oct 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL NM
    TO CENTRAL OK...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible beginning late afternoon
    Thursday across parts of the Southwest and continuing into Thursday
    night over the southern Great Plains.

    ...Southwest/Southern Great Plains...
    A compact shortwave trough over the Lower CO Valley will reach the
    southern Rockies by early Friday, as a separate impulse moves across
    northern Baja/Gulf of CA. This will reinforce a positive-tilt
    orientation to the broader trough and support only a weak lee
    surface cyclone over the southern High Plains.

    Another day of low-level moisture return from the TX Coastal Plain
    should yield a plume of moderate buoyancy reaching the Permian Basin
    to southwest OK by Thursday afternoon. More limited moisture is
    anticipated farther north/west, supporting weak buoyancy. But this
    will be compensated by stronger large-scale ascent accompanying the
    leading shortwave impulse. Scattered thunderstorms are expected over
    the Four Corners by mid-afternoon, with isolated storms arcing
    southeast to southward over central to eastern NM. Sufficient
    deep-layer shear will exist for a few supercells as storms mature in
    the late afternoon, capable of producing isolated severe hail/wind.
    A mesoscale corridor of more concentrated supercell potential may
    evolve downstream on Thursday evening as storms impinge on the
    aforementioned moderate buoyancy plume in west TX. Otherwise,
    increasingly widespread elevated convection should occur on Thursday
    night from west TX through much of OK. This should foster a rather
    messy mode, with transient supercells/semi-organized clustering
    relegated to the southern portion of the broader convective plume.
    An isolated severe threat may persist in this regime overnight.

    ..Grams.. 10/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 22 07:32:00 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 220731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Wed Oct 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA AND TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms are possible across portions of the southern
    Plains Friday and Friday night.

    ...Southern Plains...
    The upper trough over the Southwest will continue eastward becoming increasingly positively tilted and weakening with time. Stronger
    flow aloft will become more meridional across parts of eastern NM,
    west TX and extending into south-central OK. Southerly low-level
    flow will continue to transport sufficient moisture northward across
    much of the southern Plains ahead of a weak lee low and Pacific
    front.

    Numerous elevated storms are likely to be ongoing early Friday
    across the eastern TX Panhandle and parts of central OK. Continued
    low-level warm air advection should reinforce an east-west oriented
    effective boundary south of this activity expected to be in place
    across the Red River Valley vicinity. South of this feature, at
    least modest heating and destabilization is possible within the
    plume of rich low-level moisture from west TX into southwest OK.
    Ascent from the approaching trough should result in scattered
    thunderstorm development east of the lee trough/Pacific front by
    early afternoon. Moderate southwesterly flow aloft will support
    sufficient vertical shear for isolated organized storms, including
    some supercells or clusters. Steepening mid-level lapse rates ahead
    of the upper trough could support some hail and damaging wind
    potential with the strongest storms.

    The severe threat should gradually shift east/northeast into the
    into the evening and first part of the overnight hours. Buoyancy is
    expected to be less robust with east/northeast extent. Still, a
    nocturnal low-level jet and consolidation of thunderstorms into one
    or more clusters may support isolated severe potential across
    southern OK and north TX overnight into early Saturday.

    ..Lyons.. 10/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 22 19:24:41 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 221924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 PM CDT Wed Oct 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN WEST TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe storms are possible, centered on west
    to central Texas, from mid-afternoon Friday into Friday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A pair of impulses, embedded within a positive-tilt shortwave trough
    from southwest CO to the northern Gulf of CA, should gradually move
    east and become centered over the southern High Plains by early
    Saturday. An upper-level jetlet attendant to the basal impulse will
    shift across northern Mexico, supporting strengthening large-scale
    ascent across west TX on Friday evening/night.

    ...TX vicinity...
    Scattered to widespread elevated convection will be ongoing at 12Z
    Friday from the Red River Valley into KS, with more
    isolated/diminishing activity trailing southwestward into parts of
    west TX. This early-day activity will aid in reinforcing the surface
    baroclinic zone near the Red River. Adequate boundary-layer heating
    will occur to its south through west, fostering a broad plume of
    moderate buoyancy after another day of low-level moisture
    enrichment. Scattered thunderstorms should develop by mid to late
    afternoon along the western extent of this plume from the TX
    Panhandle towards the Pecos Valley/Trans-Pecos. This activity will
    become increasingly widespread during the evening into Friday night
    as the aforementioned large-scale ascent strengthens.

    The most probable corridor for supercells with large hail appears to
    be across the southern portion of west TX where moderately steep
    mid-level lapse rates and deep-layer shear are anticipated. Multiple convectively parameterized models along with available CAMs strongly
    suggest upscale growth into a large MCS should occur across the
    Edwards Plateau to Big Country vicinity on Friday night. This should
    support at least an isolated/marginal severe wind/hail threat
    persisting into the early morning Saturday towards central TX.

    ..Grams.. 10/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 30 07:02:57 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 300701
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300700

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CDT Thu Oct 30 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across parts of Deep South Texas and the
    Texas Gulf Coast on Saturday. Severe potential appears low at this
    time.

    ...Synopsis...
    A positive-tilt upper-level trough is forecast to extend from the
    Great Lakes southwestward into the central/southern High Plains
    Saturday morning. The large-scale trough and multiple embedded
    shortwaves will move east-southeastward through the day. Dry and
    stable conditions in the wake of an earlier cold frontal passage
    will result in negligible thunderstorm potential across most of the
    CONUS. One exception is across parts of the TX Gulf Coast and Deep
    South Texas, where the southernmost embedded shortwave trough may
    impinge on modest low-level moisture return, resulting in at least
    isolated thunderstorm potential.

    ...TX Gulf Coast into Deep South TX...
    Guidance continues to vary regarding the magnitude of inland
    low-level moisture return on Saturday. Recent GFS solutions remain
    somewhat more aggressive compared to other guidance, with 60s F
    dewpoints spreading across parts of the TX Gulf Coast and Deep South
    TX during the afternoon. This scenario could result in some
    potential for organized storms near a southward-moving cold front,
    in the presence of strengthening deep-layer shear. Other guidance is
    generally less aggressive with inland moisture return, keeping
    stronger instability and the bulk of deep convection offshore.
    Uncertainty regarding the development of sufficient instability is
    too high for severe probabilities at this time.

    ..Dean.. 10/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 30 19:15:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 301915
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301914

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 PM CDT Thu Oct 30 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across parts of Deep South Texas and the
    Texas Gulf Coast on Saturday. Severe potential appears low at this
    time.

    ...Discussion...
    A positively-tilted mid-level shortwave trough will amplify as it
    moves quickly south across the southern Plains on Saturday. A cold
    front, associated with this trough will strengthen and move south
    across Texas and Louisiana during the day. South of this cold front
    some inland moisture penetration is anticipated. Instability remains
    uncertain, but at least weak instability appears likely across
    coastal Texas Saturday afternoon. However, forcing appears to be
    mostly confined to the southward moving cold front where instability
    remains more uncertain. Therefore, while some isolated severe
    weather threat could materialize on Saturday, considerable
    uncertainty precludes severe weather probabilities at this time.
    Elsewhere in the CONUS, a cool/continental airmass will result in
    mostly stable/dry conditions.

    ..Bentley.. 10/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 12 18:56:51 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 121856
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121856

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 PM CST Wed Nov 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S. Friday
    through Friday night.

    ...Discussion...
    As blocking mid/upper ridging remains centered offshore of
    southeastern Greenland, models indicate that a broad cyclonic regime
    will be maintained to its southwest, centered near the Canadian
    Maritimes. Some amplification of large-scale troughing extending
    southward offshore of the remainder of the North American Atlantic
    coast is forecast, downstream of a significant mid-level trough and
    embedded cyclone migrating northeast and east of the Canadian
    Prairies, on the leading edge of a more progressive regime.

    Upstream, ridging ahead of another short wave trough appears likely
    to spread across and inland of the British Columbia/adjacent Pacific
    Northwest coast, to the north of an increasingly cut-off low
    centered offshore of the central/southern California coast.

    ...Southern California...
    Models indicate that the modifying mid-level cold core (including
    coldest 500 mb temperatures warming above -24 C) will generally
    remain offshore through this period, tending to pivot away from
    central coastal areas while perhaps slowly toward southern coastal
    areas late Friday night. While a corridor of continued
    low/mid-level moistening along a slow moving, occluded frontal zone
    may compensate and contribute to layers of weak conditional
    instability inland of southern California coastal into the southern
    Sierra Nevada/Mojave Desert vicinity, 10 percent or greater
    probabilities for thunderstorms appear generally focused offshore.
    Forcing for ascent associated with a weak developing frontal wave
    late Friday night might provide support for the best potential for
    thunderstorm development closest to coastal areas.

    ..Kerr.. 11/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 13 08:18:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 130818
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130817

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 AM CST Thu Nov 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE UPPER OH
    VALLEY VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated damaging winds are possible during the late afternoon to
    evening Saturday across the Upper Ohio Valley vicinity.

    ...Upper OH Valley to the Mid-Atlantic States...
    Amplification of a large-scale upper trough appears probable from
    the Canadian Prairies across the Great Lakes towards the Northeast
    through early Sunday. This will induce a deepening surface cyclone
    from Lake Superior/northern ON towards New England. Trailing to its
    southwest will be a sharpening cold front that should accelerate
    southeastward. With only modified boundary-layer moisture return
    (emanating from east TX and LA) ahead of the front, MLCAPE should be
    quite limited and spatially confined to the OH vicinity. But
    intensifying tropospheric wind profiles, coupled with the increasing large-scale ascent along the front, are concerning for a conditional
    threat of at least damaging winds where surface-based convection can
    develop. Guidance consensus suggests this may occur towards late
    afternoon and especially into the evening across the Upper OH
    Valley. East of the Appalachians, development of surface-based
    instability appears unlikely Saturday night, although elevated
    convection may persist towards parts of the coastal Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Southwest...
    The drifting upper low off the southern CA coast should evolve back
    into an open trough that accelerates northeastward by 12Z Sunday.
    This will lead to the mid-level cold core finally moving inland,
    aiding in steepening of lapse rates. The low-level warm conveyor
    will likewise shift east across the Lower CO Valley and Mojave
    Desert. This setup will support a broadening of isolated thunder
    potential from southern CA into western AZ and far southern NV by
    Saturday night.

    ..Grams.. 11/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 13 19:01:28 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 131901
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131900

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0100 PM CST Thu Nov 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE SATURDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF EASTERN OHIO...WESTERN
    PENNSYLVANIA AND NORTHERN WEST VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Showers and a few thunderstorms may be accompanied by strong wind
    gusts across parts of the upper Ohio Valley late Saturday afternoon
    and evening.

    ...Discussion...
    Saturday into Saturday night, it appears that the more progressive
    flow emanating from the northern mid-latitude Pacific will begin to
    impinge on the blocking regime now evolving across parts of eastern
    North America into the Atlantic. While an initially prominent
    cyclone on the leading edge of this regime is forecast to undergo
    considerable deformation and weakening, models continue to indicate
    that a notable perturbation emerging from it will dig across the
    upper through lower Great Lakes, accompanied by secondary surface
    cyclogenesis.

    Upstream, the westerlies may undergo notable amplification,
    including digging mid/upper troughing offshore of the British
    Columbia and northern Pacific coast and building ridging across and
    east of the Canadian/northern U.S. Rockies. As this occurs, an
    initially cut-off low offshore of the southern California/northern
    Baja coast is forecast to accelerate into the Southwest late
    Saturday through Saturday night.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley...
    Within the warm sector of the developing surface low, NAM forecast
    soundings indicate that modest low-level moisture return may become
    supportive of the development of thermodynamic profiles
    characterized by weak conditional and convective instability in the
    lowest 5-6 km AGL. It appears that this environment could become at
    least marginally conducive to boundary-layer based convection
    capable of producing lightning by late Saturday afternoon, mainly
    near the southern periphery of the colder mid-level air, across
    parts of northeastern Ohio into the western slopes of the Allegheny
    Mountains.

    In the presence of strengthening lower/mid-tropospheric wind fields
    (including 40-50+ kt west-northwesterly mean flow in the lowest 6 km
    AGL), the development of a relatively compact band of stronger
    showers and thunderstorms appears possible. This activity, perhaps
    aided by latent cooling in downdrafts associated with melting small
    hail, may contribute to the downward transfer of stronger winds to
    the surface, before convection weakens while crossing the Allegheny
    Mountains Saturday evening.

    ...Southwest...
    Models suggest that a mid-level cold core, characterized by 500 mb
    temperatures as cold as near or just below -20 C, will finally shift
    inland late Saturday through Saturday night. These temperatures
    appear on the relatively warm side compared to cool season
    environments typically conducive to low-topped convection capable of
    producing lighting across and inland of Pacific coastal areas.
    However, it is possible that low-level moisture return emanating
    from the lower-latitude eastern Pacific and Gulf of California may
    compensate.

    Otherwise, it might not be out of the question that preceding
    elevated moisture return contributes to layers of weak conditional
    instability minimally supportive of convection capable of producing
    lightning across parts of the Mojave Desert/lower Colorado Valley
    vicinity.

    ..Kerr.. 11/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 8 19:11:04 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 081910
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081909

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0209 PM CDT Wed Oct 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential appears low on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level low and attendant trough initially near the
    Pacific Coast are forecast to move eastward Friday. In advance of
    this system, NHC is forecasting Tropical Cyclone Priscilla to weaken
    as it moves northward and approaches Baja California. Moisture
    related to Priscilla will continue to stream northward into parts of
    the Southwest and Great Basin. A combination of the eastward-moving
    trough and northward-moving moisture will result in a broad region
    of at least isolated storm potential from the Southwest/Great Basin
    into parts of the Northwest and northern Rockies. While moderate to
    locally strong mid/upper-level flow will overspread much of the
    region, weak instability is currently expected to limit severe
    potential.

    Morning elevated convection related to a mid/upper-level low/trough
    moving across the Great Lakes may continue early in the period from
    the lower MO Valley vicinity into the Upper Midwest. Some moisture
    initially transported northward by the Great Lakes system may advect
    westward into parts of the central High Plains and support isolated
    storm development within a post-frontal regime.

    A gradually amplifying mid/upper-level trough across the Southeast
    will support occasional storm development from the FL Peninsula to
    near/just offshore of the Carolina coast. Poor midlevel lapse rates
    and generally modest buoyancy and deep-layer shear are expected to
    hamper organized-severe potential.

    ..Dean.. 10/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 9 06:51:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 090651
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090650

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0150 AM CDT Thu Oct 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper ridge over the Plains will become suppressed on Saturday as
    a large-scale upper trough over the West develops east through the
    period. Modest boundary-layer moisture from the Southwest into the
    northern High Plains will support modest instability. With
    increasing mid/upper southwesterly flow and forcing for ascent with
    the ejecting upper trough, isolated to scattered thunderstorms will
    be possible. Poor lapse rates and limited instability will preclude
    severe thunderstorm potential.

    Additional thunderstorms will be possible across parts of Lower MI
    into OH beneath the core of an upper cyclone drifting south toward
    the Ohio Valley. Instability will be meager, but cold temperatures
    aloft and modest lapse rates should be sufficient from isolated
    lightning with low-topped convection.

    A mid/upper trough will also develop eastward across the Southeast/Mid-Atlantic. While a cold front will have moved offshore
    prior to Saturday, sufficient moisture will be in place on the back
    side of a surface low off the coast of the Carolinas to support
    modest instability. Any stronger instability, and more robust
    convection will likely remain offshore, and severe storms are not
    expected.

    ..Leitman.. 10/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 9 19:05:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 091905
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091904

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 PM CDT Thu Oct 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE EASTERN
    GREAT BASIN TO THE CO PLATEAU...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible on Saturday afternoon
    across the eastern Great Basin into parts of the Colorado Plateau.

    ...Eastern Great Basin and the CO Plateau...
    A broad upper trough will shift east across the West as a basal
    shortwave impulse ejects through the Great Basin on Saturday
    afternoon/evening. This will be favorably timed with peak surface
    heating across the eastern Great Basin into parts of the CO Plateau,
    as a swath of strong 500-mb southwesterlies overspreads. Early
    afternoon convective development should occur along and ahead of the
    sharpening Pacific cold front as it pushes east. While overall
    buoyancy will remain weak, owing to progressively poorer mid-level
    lapse rates with southeast extent and cooler surface
    temperatures/dew points to the northwest, the strong flow and
    forcing for ascent should support development of at least a few
    supercells. Isolated severe gusts should be the primary hazard, but
    a brief tornado and marginally severe hail may occur as well.

    ..Grams.. 10/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 15 19:05:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 151905
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151905

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0205 PM CDT Wed Oct 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF KANSAS...OKLAHOMA...AND WESTERN MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with isolated hail and strong gusts will be possible
    Friday into Friday night from the southern and central Plains into
    the lower Missouri Valley.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A cyclonic flow regime will persist from central Canada into the
    north-central CONUS, with a leading wave moving quickly out of the
    northern Plains during the day on Friday. South of this initial
    wave, a belt of moderate midlevel southwesterlies will extend from
    the upper MS Valley into the central Plains and northwest Mexico, on
    the west side of an upper ridge extending from the lower Great Lakes
    across the OH/TN Valleys. Overnight and into Saturday, a strong
    upper jet will dig into the northern Rockies, which with large-scale
    height falls extending into the northern and central Plains.

    At the surface, low pressure associated with the initial wave will
    move northeastward across MB/ON, with a cold front from the upper MS
    Valley into the central and southern Plains. This boundary may
    become nearly stationary from KS into western OK, as southerly winds
    ahead of it maintain mid to upper 50s F dewpoints. Heating should
    result in MUCAPE of 500-1000 J/kg, though mid/upper lapse rates will
    not be very steep. Still, favorable time of day and sufficient shear
    could support a few cells capable of marginal hail during the
    afternoon.

    Overnight into Saturday morning, 30-40 kt southwest 850 mb flow will
    help transport a plume of mid 60s F dewpoints out of TX and into
    eastern OK. While near the end of the Day 3 period, this late
    arrival of moisture could potentially bolster any ongoing activity.

    ..Jewell.. 10/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 16 07:28:22 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 160728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Thu Oct 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE ARK-LA-TEX...OZARKS AND MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible on Saturday across parts of
    the Ark-La-Tex, Ozarks and mid Mississippi Valley. A threat for
    tornadoes, damaging wind gusts and hail is expected to develop from
    the late morning into the overnight.

    ...Ark-La-Tex/Ozarks/Mid Mississippi Valley...
    A large-scale mid-level trough will move across the Great Plains on
    Saturday, as an associated jet streak moves into the Ozarks.
    Scattered thunderstorms will likely be ongoing just ahead of the
    trough at the start of the period, from eastern Oklahoma into
    central Missouri. To the south and east of this activity, moderate
    instability is expected to develop during the morning over much of
    the Ark-La-Tex and Ozarks. As surface temperatures warm across the
    moist sector, convective coverage is forecast to gradually increase.
    An MCS appears likely to form during the afternoon, with a
    relatively large cluster of storms moving eastward across southern
    Missouri, Arkansas and northern Louisiana. The MCS is expected to
    become organized and pose a severe threat across the region.

    Ahead of the MCS, forecast soundings during the mid afternoon have
    MLCAPE peaking between 1500 and 2000 J/kg, with 0-6 km shear in the
    50 to 55 knot range. 0-3 km storm-relative helicity is forecast to
    increase to about 250 m2/s2 near the low-level jet in the late
    afternoon. This should support supercell development with tornado
    potential. Storms that remain discrete and interact with the
    low-level jet will have the greatest potential for tornadoes.
    Supercells should also be capable of large hail. Once the MCS
    becomes organized, a transition to linear mode could occur. If this
    were to happen, then the wind-damage threat would increase, and
    could become the greatest threat. Any severe threat should persist
    through the evening, and possibly into the early overnight period,
    as the MCS moves eastward across the central Gulf Coast states and
    Tennessee Valley.

    ...Lower Ohio Valley/Southern Great Lakes...
    A mid-level trough will move across the Great Plains on Saturday, as
    a belt of southwesterly flow remains from the mid Mississippi Valley
    into the Great Lakes. At the surface, a cold front will advance
    southeastward across the mid to upper Mississippi Valley, and Great
    Lakes region. A corridor of low-level moisture will be present ahead
    of the front with surface dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s F. This
    should allow for weak destabilization by afternoon. Thunderstorms
    will develop along parts of the front, and move eastward into the
    moist airmass. The models differ markedly on how much instability
    will develop across this moist airmass, which adds considerable
    uncertainty into the forecast. In spite of this, the combination of
    instability and moderate deep-layer shear should be great enough for
    an isolated severe threat. Line segments would be favored to produce
    damaging wind gusts. A few rotating storms will also be possible.

    ..Broyles.. 10/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 16 19:04:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 161904
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161903

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 PM CDT Thu Oct 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE ARKLATEX
    ACROSS THE OZARKS AND INTO PARTS OF THE MIDDLE TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    AND OHIO VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible Saturday across parts of
    the Ark-La-Tex, Ozarks, mid Mississippi and lower Ohio Valleys. A
    few tornadoes, damaging winds and hail will be possible.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Considerable uncertainty exists regarding the degree of severe storm
    potential on Saturday, with a range of model solutions regarding
    trough speed, early day precipitation and air mass quality. At the
    very least, a broad Slight Risk remains reasonable given these
    uncertainties.

    On the large scale, a southern-stream wave moving across the
    southern Plains is expected to phase with another system digging
    rapidly southeastward out of the northern Rockies, resulting in a
    deepening, progressive trough moving across the Plains and MS
    Valley. A plume of mid to upper 60s F dewpoints will already be in
    place from TX into eastern OK early on Saturday, with low 60s F
    extending northward into parts of the Midwest ahead of a developing
    surface low from IL into IN.

    While low-level moistening combined with cooling aloft will
    generally lead to increasing instability, several models indicate
    early/ongoing thunderstorm potential roughly from OK into MO and IL.
    At the very least, this activity should generally become more
    organized as the cold front strengthens with increasing large scale
    ascent, leading to wind damage potential. If the less-amplified
    solution verifies, potentially strong instability could build during
    the day, with more of a supercell risk along with tornado/hail
    potential.

    In deference to the latest model solutions, probabilities for
    Saturday have been expanded a bit eastward.

    ..Jewell.. 10/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 23 07:31:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 230731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Thu Oct 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF EAST AND SOUTHEAST TEXAS INTO WESTERN LOUISIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered to numerous storms with isolated severe potential are
    likely over parts of southern and eastern Texas and western
    Louisiana Saturday.

    ...Southern/eastern TX to western LA...
    The upper trough over the Rio Grande Valley will continue eastward
    Saturday, overspreading East TX and LA before reaching the lower MS
    Valley by early Sunday. Embedded within the broader trough, a
    shortwave feature will move out of northern Mexico and across the
    northwest Gulf coast with an accompanying basal speed max. A weak
    surface low over OK will drag a cold front eastward over central TX
    while strong ascent from the upper trough and cold front will
    overspread a plume of rich low-level moisture but modest lapse rates
    from the Gulf Coast to OK.

    Widespread shower and thunderstorm activity is expected early
    Saturday as one or more convective complexes from the previous day
    will likely be ongoing over eastern TX/OK. Significant uncertainty
    remains with respect to diurnal destabilization and the resulting
    severe threat across northeast TX, southern OK and northwestern LA.
    Continued southeasterly low-level flow and the arrival of stronger
    forcing from the approaching trough suggests multiple rounds of
    thunderstorms are likely through Saturday evening. Relatively
    stronger heating on the southwestern flank of this activity over
    southern and coastal TX could allow for more robust surface-based
    buoyancy to develop by early afternoon. With sufficient veering for
    organized storms amid the strong low-level warm advection regime, at
    least an isolated severe risk is likely.

    The primary uncertainty this outlook cycle is the potential for a
    messy convective mode and sagging outflow to limit the surface-based
    warm sector over southeast TX. Relatively strong low and mid-level
    shear ahead of the upper trough could support supercells or bowing
    clusters with damaging gust and tornado potential. Will introduce 5%
    severe probabilities for now given the uncertainty from antecedent
    convection. However, enlarging low-level hodographs (ESRH 150-200
    m2/s2) and the potential for stronger destabilization may
    necessitate higher outlook probabilities in subsequent updates.

    ..Lyons.. 10/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 23 19:26:43 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 231926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Thu Oct 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN SOUTHEAST TX
    AND SOUTHWEST LA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are possible on Saturday
    into Saturday night, centered on southeast Texas to southwest
    Louisiana.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper trough will continue to gradually move east across the
    southern Great Plains. The primary of multiple embedded shortwave
    impulses is consistently progged to eject through the basal portion
    of the trough, yielding a neutral to negative-tilt by Saturday
    night.

    ...TX/LA...
    Widespread convection is expected to be ongoing at 12Z Saturday with
    an MCS across east TX and trailing convection along its outflow into south-central TX. A threat for isolated damaging winds and a tornado
    or two should persist into midday until the leading edge of the MCS
    outflow shifts offshore of the northwest Gulf. While the southward
    penetration of trailing outflow in south-central TX is uncertain,
    airmass recovery should occur along and to the north of this
    boundary as it slowly ebbs back north ahead of the aforementioned
    basal shortwave impulse. Strengthening mid to upper flow will foster
    a conditional threat for supercells during the late afternoon to
    evening, within a corridor along and north of the outflow. Potential
    will exist for upscale growth into another MCS with bowing clusters
    on Saturday night, similarly tracking towards the northwest Gulf
    Coast. This setup appears supportive of a level 2-SLGT risk for
    mainly hail west evolving to mainly wind downstream. There is
    concern for an overnight/early morning Sunday tornado threat with a strengthening low-level jet across the Sabine Valley into LA as the
    mid/upper jetlet impinges. The degree of surface-based instability
    in this region late D3 will be crucial to how robust tornado
    potential may become.

    ..Grams.. 10/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 31 07:04:51 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 310704
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310703

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CDT Fri Oct 31 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible across parts of the southern
    Florida Peninsula on Sunday, but no severe threat is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level trough will move through the Southeast on Sunday as
    southwesterly flow remains along much of the Eastern Seaboard. At
    the surface, a front will move through south Florida. Ahead of the
    front, low-level convergence and warming surface temperatures across
    a moist airmass may be sufficient for isolated thunderstorm
    development. However, instability should be too weak for a severe
    threat. Elsewhere across the continental U.S., thunderstorms are not
    expected Sunday and Sunday night.

    ..Broyles.. 10/31/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 31 19:25:27 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 311925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 311924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 PM CDT Fri Oct 31 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible across parts of the southern
    Florida Peninsula on Sunday, but no severe threat is expected.

    ...Discussion...
    A dry, continental airmass will continue to dominate much of the
    CONUS. The only exception will be southern Florida where some
    northward moisture recovery is anticipated. Weak instability may
    result in a few thunderstorms during the day. In addition, a greater thunderstorm threat may materialize Sunday night as a cluster of
    storms associated with a mid-level shortwave trough across the Gulf
    approaches South Florida. Weak lapse rates and instability should
    limit overall severe weather potential with these storms.

    ..Bentley.. 10/31/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 6 19:09:41 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 061909
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061908

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0108 PM CST Thu Nov 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE DEEP SOUTH...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible, mainly on Saturday
    evening/night, across parts of the Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad mid-level trough will encompass the eastern 2/3rds of the
    CONUS on Saturday morning. A cold front will stall across the Deep
    South and become a stationary front during the day. A
    positively-tilted mid-level trough and associated jet streak will
    move quickly through the Plains and to the Lower Mississippi Valley
    by Saturday night.

    ...Deep South...
    Some convection may be ongoing along the stalled frontal zone at the
    beginning of the period. Warm mid-level temperatures should limit
    the overall intensity of these storms, but long-straight hodographs
    may support some organization and an isolated threat for large
    hail/damaging wind gusts. The lack of strong convergence along the
    front, and mostly neutral height tendencies aloft should keep
    convective coverage limited during the day Saturday. However, by
    Saturday night, as the mid-level trough digs into the southern
    Plains, and a deepening cyclone develops in the Lower Ohio Valley,
    forcing along the cold front should support increased thunderstorm
    activity. The timing of this threat (likely after 00Z) is not
    favorable for widespread severe storms. However, the increasing
    forcing amid moderately steep mid-level lapse rates and increasing
    shear may support some large hail/damaging wind gusts.

    Additional storms may develop Saturday evening/night across Georgia
    and South Carolina as a low-level jet strengthens east of the
    Appalachians. This will result in isentropic ascent within a region
    of weak to moderate instability and moderate deep-layer shear. A few
    elevated thunderstorms capable of mainly large hail will be the
    primary threat Saturday evening/overnight.

    ..Bentley.. 11/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 7 08:20:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 070820
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070819

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CST Fri Nov 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ALONG THE SOUTH
    ATLANTIC COASTAL PLAIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms will be possible on Sunday midday into
    early evening along the South Atlantic Coastal Plain from north
    Florida to far southeast Virginia.

    ...North FL to southeast VA...
    Major amplification of the eastern CONUS upper trough that commences
    on D2/Saturday will persist through Sunday. Attendant surface
    cyclone should track from the Lower Great Lakes/Upper OH Valley
    towards coastal southern New England through Sunday night. Extending
    south from this low, a cold front will push east across the
    Southeast and largely offshore by late evening, north of the FL
    Peninsula. While the bulk of deep-layer flow amplification will be
    behind the front, strong deep-layer shear will be present
    along/ahead of it with at least weak surface-based buoyancy.

    Guidance continues to depict run-to-run inconsistency as some models
    trend upward with the degree of convective coverage, while others
    indicate a fairly dry frontal passage in this region amid low
    RH/weak lapse rates in the mid-levels. The 00Z GEFS and parent GFS
    are seemingly the most insistent on greater than isolated convective
    coverage from GA northward, supportive of a level 2-SLGT risk
    delineation. But with other guidance trending in the opposite
    direction, will defer to later outlooks for a potential upgrade.

    ..Grams.. 11/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 14 06:45:33 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 140645
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140644

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1244 AM CST Fri Nov 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential is not expected on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper low and attendant shortwave trough will pivot northeast
    across the Southwest and Great Basin toward the central/southern
    Rockies on Sunday. Moderate to strong deep-layer southwesterly flow
    ahead of this feature, coupled with moistening midlevels and cooling
    aloft, should be sufficient for isolated thunderstorms across parts
    of the Southwest into the Great Basin vicinity through the
    afternoon/early evening. Weak instability and a cool boundary layer
    will preclude severe thunderstorm potential.

    Southerly low-level flow will increase across the southern/central
    Plains in response to height falls over the Rockies/adjacent High
    Plains late in the period. Some guidance suggests an elevated
    thunderstorm or two may develop somewhere from the ArkLaTex into KS
    within this warm advection regime/increasing low-level jet, though
    confidence in 10 percent coverage before 12z Monday is low.

    ..Leitman.. 11/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 14 19:23:36 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 141923
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141922

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0122 PM CST Fri Nov 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorm activity is possible across parts of the
    lower Colorado Valley into Colorado Plateau and portions of the
    central Great Plains, but the risk for severe storms still appears
    negligible Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that significant surface cyclogenesis will proceed
    Sunday through Sunday night, mainly from coastal Maine through the
    Canadian Maritimes, as an associated short wave trough digs
    southeast of the lower Great Lakes region and reinforces positively
    tilted large-scale mid/upper troughing across much of eastern Canada
    and the Northeast into adjacent western Atlantic. In the wake of
    the cyclone, a cold front appears likely to advance southeast of the
    northern Mid Atlantic and Ohio Valley, offshore of the Atlantic
    Seaboard through the Carolinas into the Gulf Coast states by late
    Sunday night.

    Upstream, splitting troughing, within a broad area of generally
    higher mid/upper heights, is forecast to continue to approach the
    U.S Pacific coast, with perhaps the digging southern perturbation
    supporting modest cyclogenesis offshore of the central California
    coast Sunday night. It appears that this will contribute to the
    continued east-northeastward acceleration of the remnants of an
    initially cut-off low, northeast of the lower Colorado Valley
    through the Rockies.

    Modest deepening of lee surface troughing will probably be
    accompanied by strengthening southerly low-level flow across the
    high plains, but it appears that better boundary-layer moistening
    off the Gulf Basin will be confined beneath a relatively warm and
    capping lower/mid-tropospheric environment across the northwestern
    Gulf coast into southern Great Plains.

    ...Southwest into Great Plains...
    Cooling mid-levels, preceded by low-level moisture return from the
    lower latitudes of the eastern Pacific and Gulf of California, may
    contribute to thermodynamic profiles conducive to scattered
    convective development capable of producing lightning across parts
    of the Southwest through southern Rockies Sunday into Sunday night.
    It is possible that this could include modest boundary layer
    destabilization during the day across the deserts of southwestern
    into central Arizona, in the presence of at least strong deep-layer
    shear. A couple of thunderstorms with potential to produce hail and
    surface gusts approaching or exceeding severe limits might not be
    completely out of the question. While probabilities for this still
    generally appear negligible, it is possible that this could change
    with diminishing model spread in later outlooks for this period.

    Otherwise, as mid/upper forcing for ascent increases downstream of
    the Colorado Rockies by late Sunday night, an elevated moistening
    layer rooted near or above 700 mb might destabilize sufficiently to
    support weak convection capable of producing lightning.

    ..Kerr.. 11/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 10 07:12:43 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 100712
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100711

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 AM CDT Fri Oct 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An appreciable severe threat is not expected on Sunday or Sunday
    night across the U.S.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level shortwave trough, and an associated cold front are
    forecast to move through the north-central U.S. on Sunday. As
    surface temperatures warm during the day, thunderstorm development
    will likely take place along and ahead of the front from the upper
    Mississippi Valley south-southwestward into the central Plains.
    Instability is expected to be very weak ahead of the front, which
    should limit the severe potential. Additional thunderstorms could
    form over parts of the Desert Southwest Sunday afternoon. These
    storms should form within a weakly unstable airmass, and are not
    expected to reach severe limits. Elsewhere, a severe threat is not
    forecast to develop over the continental U.S Sunday and Sunday
    night.

    ..Broyles.. 10/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 17 07:31:45 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 170731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Fri Oct 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE OHIO VALLEY AND APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms with a threat mainly for damaging winds are possible
    over parts of the Ohio Valley and Appalachians Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong neutral to slightly negative tilt upper trough over the OH
    Valley and Great Lakes is forecast to continue intensifying as it
    moves quickly eastward Sunday. At the base of the trough, a 90+ kt
    jet streak will lift northward into the upper OH Valley and
    Northeast deepening a surface low over the Great Lakes and eastern
    Canada. Strong southerly winds ahead of the low will support a
    modestly moist air mass from eastern OH/KY into western PA and WV. A
    cold front expected to move eastward with the low will serve as a
    focus for thunderstorm potential Sunday morning through Sunday
    evening.

    ...OH Valley and Appalachians...
    A squall line is likely to be ongoing at the start of the period
    from central/eastern OH into northern KY ahead of the front and
    deepening surface low. Strong ascent from the trough/jet streak
    should maintain this shallow convective line into portions of PA/WV
    by early afternoon. With upper 50s to low 60s F dewpoints and only
    modest heating, buoyancy appears limited. However, the strong flow
    aloft should still support a risk for damaging gusts. Backed flow
    ahead of the surface low will favor large low-level shear which
    could support embedded rotation with the potential for a brief
    tornado or two. Storms will gradually weaken with eastward extent as
    available buoyancy wanes into the evening.

    ...Central Gulf Coast and the Southeast...
    At the start of the period, a few storms may be ongoing along the
    front as it continues east/southeastward across southern MS/AL and
    western FL. With marginal buoyancy and on the southern fringes of
    the stronger flow aloft, a few strong wind gusts cannot be ruled
    out, but convection should weaken through the morning before moving
    offshore.

    The cold front will continues eastward through the remainder of the
    day with remnant showers and cloud cover likely ahead of it. Still,
    some heating and destabilization is possible across the Southeast
    and southern Appalachians. However, weak subsidence is expected over
    much of the region as the primary upper trough and jet streak begin
    to lift away to the north. This currently suggests limited
    redevelopment will occur along the front Sunday afternoon, though
    there remains substantial uncertainty. While isolated storms cannot
    be ruled out, confidence remains too low for severe probabilities.

    ..Lyons.. 10/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 17 19:30:21 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 171930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Fri Oct 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY NORTHEASTWARD INTO PARTS OF THE NORTHERN
    APPALACHAINS AND LOWER GREAT LAKES REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated wind damage may occur on Sunday from parts of the Ohio
    Valley toward the Lower Great Lakes and northern Appalachian
    regions.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    On Sunday, a negative-tilt and deep upper trough will move quickly
    across the Great Lakes to Ohio Valley region, and into the central
    to northern Appalachians by evening. This trough will bring strong
    wind fields across much of the northeastern CONUS, with potential
    for locally damaging gusts.

    A surface low over lower MI is forecast to move north/northeastward
    into Canada during the day, with a cold front extending southward
    across OH and into KY and TN Sunday morning. This front will race
    eastward through the period, and will interact with a plume of 50s F
    dewpoints and area of daytime heating. Only weak instability is
    forecast along the cold front, but substantial height falls and
    low-level lift focused along the front should lead to a narrow band
    of low-topped convection. Much of this activity may be without
    lightning, but could produce strong to locally damaging wind gusts.

    Farther south into southern AL/GA, scattered thunderstorms may
    remain along the front early in the day, but a weakening trend is
    expected due to rapid drying from the west and increasing midlevel
    subsidence.

    ..Jewell.. 10/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 17 19:32:20 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 171932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Fri Oct 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    THE OHIO VALLEY NORTHEASTWARD INTO PARTS OF THE NORTHERN
    APPALACHIANS AND LOWER GREAT LAKES REGION...

    CORRECTED FOR HEADER

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated wind damage may occur on Sunday from parts of the Ohio
    Valley toward the Lower Great Lakes and northern Appalachian
    regions.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    On Sunday, a negative-tilt and deep upper trough will move quickly
    across the Great Lakes to Ohio Valley region, and into the central
    to northern Appalachians by evening. This trough will bring strong
    wind fields across much of the northeastern CONUS, with potential
    for locally damaging gusts.

    A surface low over lower MI is forecast to move north/northeastward
    into Canada during the day, with a cold front extending southward
    across OH and into KY and TN Sunday morning. This front will race
    eastward through the period, and will interact with a plume of 50s F
    dewpoints and area of daytime heating. Only weak instability is
    forecast along the cold front, but substantial height falls and
    low-level lift focused along the front should lead to a narrow band
    of low-topped convection. Much of this activity may be without
    lightning, but could produce strong to locally damaging wind gusts.

    Farther south into southern AL/GA, scattered thunderstorms may
    remain along the front early in the day, but a weakening trend is
    expected due to rapid drying from the west and increasing midlevel
    subsidence.

    ..Jewell.. 10/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 24 07:28:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 240728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Fri Oct 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible through midday Sunday
    over the central Gulf Coast. A second round of strong storms is
    possible late, though uncertainty is high.

    ...Central Gulf Coast...
    The upper trough over east TX is forecast to gradually weaken while
    moving eastward over the lower MS Valley and central Gulf Coast. An
    MCS is likely to be ongoing early Sunday over parts of the lower MS
    Valley. Accompanied by a weak surface low, this convective complex
    should gradually move eastward with a continued isolated damaging
    gust threat across southern LA and MS. The MCS should begin to
    weaken by midday as it outpaces the surface-based warm sector
    farther east.
    Isolated strong storms may redevelop over adjacent Gulf waters late
    Sunday into early Monday morning aided by onshore flow associated
    with a modest low-level jet expected to develop across southern AL
    and the western FL Panhandle. It remains unclear if the more
    unstable surface-based warm sector attendant to a maritime front
    will move inland in the wake of the earlier MCS/outflow. Should it
    do so, supercells with isolated damaging gusts and brief tornado
    potential will be possible over southern AL and the western FL
    Panhandle into early Monday.

    ..Lyons.. 10/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 24 19:29:52 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 241929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241928

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 PM CDT Fri Oct 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible through Sunday morning
    over the central Gulf Coast. A second round of strong storms is
    possible by Sunday afternoon, though the severe threat appears more conditional.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will continue to traverse the Gulf Coast while a
    broader upper trough continues to overspread the Interior West on
    Sunday. Surface troughing will promote continued low-level
    warm-air/moisture advection ahead of ongoing thunderstorms over the
    Lower MS Valley Sunday morning into afternoon, where adequate
    vertical wind shear will support an isolated severe threat.

    ...Lower MS Valley...
    A cluster or loosely organized line of thunderstorms will be ongoing
    at the start of the period (i.e. 12Z Sunday), preceded by mid to
    upper 60s F dewpoints beneath a departing 30-40 kt southerly
    low-level jet. MLCAPE of 1000-1500 J/kg amid 40+ kts of effective
    bulk shear and modestly sized/curved low-level hodographs (around
    200 m2/s2 effective SRH) will precede the ongoing storms, supporting
    an isolated severe gust/tornado threat through Sunday morning,
    warranting Category 1/Marginal risk probabilities. Some airmass
    modification of the free warm sector is possible behind the initial
    round of storms Sunday afternoon, particularly from central MS into
    far eastern LA. Should diurnal heating become abundant (which is
    highly questionable at the moment), relatively robust initiation of
    new convection is possible. Even so, the departing low-level jet to
    the east suggests that any materializing severe threat will likely
    be isolated, with a couple of severe gusts being the main threat,
    though a tornado cannot be ruled out with the afternoon storms.

    ..Squitieri.. 10/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 1 07:31:01 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 010730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Sat Nov 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe threat is expected across the continental U.S. on Monday
    and Monday night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level low is forecast to move across southern Georgia on
    Monday. Isolated thunderstorms will be possible just ahead of and to
    the south of the low early in the day from far southeast Georgia
    into parts of far eastern Florida. Additional storms may form in far
    eastern North Carolina. Instability is expected to remain weak in
    these two areas and no severe threat is forecast.

    ..Broyles.. 11/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 7 19:11:46 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 071911
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071910

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0110 PM CST Fri Nov 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN
    FLORIDA TO SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms will be possible on Sunday midday into
    early evening along the South Atlantic Coastal Plain from north
    Florida to far southeast Virginia.

    ...Synopsis...
    A very strong, amplifying mid-level trough will become a closed low
    across the western Great Lakes with a strong mid-level jet extending
    from the Plains to the Gulf Coast and into the Northeast. A surface
    low will move from the Ohio Valley to the Mid-Atlantic. A cold front
    will tighten as it moves east of the Appalachians and eventually
    into the western Atlantic.

    ...Southeast into the Eastern Carolinas and far southeast
    Virginia...
    Weak to potentially moderate instability will develop from north
    Florida to southeast Virginia in advance of an eastward-moving cold
    front. Storms are expected along and ahead of this front as it moves
    east. Moderately steep lapse rates and steep low-level lapse rates
    may support damaging wind gusts during the afternoon/evening.
    Greater instability across southeast Georgia and eastern South
    Carolina may support a more concentrated zone of stronger storms. In
    addition, moderate shear will support the potential for a few
    supercells. While a Slight Risk may be needed across this area,
    storm intensity (due to only modest instability) uncertainties
    preclude an upgrade at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 11/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 8 07:59:23 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 080759
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080758

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 AM CST Sat Nov 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm risk appears negligible on Monday and Monday night.

    ...Discussion...
    With a surface cyclone near the Northeast/southern New England coast
    on Monday morning, the attendant full-latitude cold front will
    likely have moved across the Eastern Seaboard by about 12Z,
    curtailing thunder potential in the CONUS. A few lightning flashes
    are possible early within snow bands over Lake Michigan and Erie,
    supported by very cold mid-level temperatures within the highly
    amplified eastern trough.

    ..Grams.. 11/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 8 19:26:56 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 081926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0125 PM CST Sat Nov 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep mid/upper-level trough will move eastward across the eastern
    CONUS Monday. A developing surface low initially off of the Mid
    Atlantic coast is forecast to deepen as it moves north-northeastward
    across eastern/northern New England through the evening. Modest
    MUCAPE near/east of the surface low track may support some potential
    for elevated convection with sporadic lightning flashes from the
    Cape Cod vicinity into central/eastern ME.

    Very cold midlevel temperatures will continue to support snow bands
    over and near the Great Lakes. Lightning potential over Lake
    Michigan may peak prior to the start of the period as the trough
    begins to shift eastward, but very isolated/sporadic lightning
    flashes may continue into Monday morning. A few lightning flashes
    also cannot be ruled out over Lake Erie and adjacent parts of OH/PA.
    Some instability may linger early in the period across far south FL
    and the Keys, but current guidance generally shows a limited signal
    for deep convection in this area prior to the frontal passage.
    Elsewhere across the CONUS, stable conditions should preclude
    thunderstorm potential.

    ..Dean.. 11/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 15 07:08:10 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 150708
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150707

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0107 AM CST Sat Nov 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms may occur Monday evening into early Tuesday
    morning across parts of the Ozarks and Middle Mississippi Valley.
    Severe thunderstorm potential appears low.

    ...Ozarks/Mid-MS Valley vicinity...

    An upper shortwave trough over the central Rockies vicinity will
    develop east into the northern Plains on Monday/Monday night. This
    system will suppress upper ridging over the southern Plains into the
    Mid/Lower MS Valley vicinity, though moderate westerly flow will
    overspread OK/KS into the Mid-South. Given a more northerly trend in
    the track of the upper shortwave trough, large-scale ascent will
    remain displaced from modest Gulf moisture return across OK/TX
    toward the Ozark Plateau.

    At the surface, a weak low will progress across OK/KS toward the
    Ozarks. Warm temperatures in the 850-700 mb layer will preclude
    surface-based instability. However, cool temperatures aloft will
    support weak MUCAPE and isolated elevated convection is possible in
    the vicinity of the Ozarks to the Mid-MS Valley, mainly after 00z.
    Some forecast soundings suggest small hail could accompany any
    stronger cells that develop, but concerns over storm coverage and
    intensity preclude severe probabilities at this time.

    ..Leitman.. 11/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 15 19:19:45 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 151919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0118 PM CST Sat Nov 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are possible Monday evening into early
    Tuesday morning across parts of the central Plains into the Ozarks.
    Severe thunderstorm potential appears low.

    ...Discussion...
    The mid-level shortwave trough associated with thunderstorm activity
    in the central Rockies on Sunday will advance east across the Plains
    and into the Midwest on Monday. Isentropic ascent will increase
    across the eastern Plains and Ozarks as the low-level jet
    strengthens ahead of the mid-level trough. Weak elevated instability
    may result in scattered thunderstorms along the warm frontal zone
    Monday evening/overnight. A few of these thunderstorms may be strong
    enough for small hail, but uncertainties regarding moisture return/destabilization preclude the need for severe weather
    probabilities at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 11/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 10 19:21:47 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 101921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101920

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 PM CDT Fri Oct 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The potential for severe thunderstorms appears negligible on Sunday
    into Sunday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A surface cyclone near the coastal Carolinas should gradually fill
    as it drifts north, offshore of the Lower Mid-Atlantic. While a
    strong storm is possible around 12Z Sunday in the Outer Banks
    vicinity, weakening low-level wind fields and a highly confined
    surface-based warm sector preclude a level 1-MRGL risk highlight.

    Elevated convection is largely anticipated in the central states
    with minimal surface-based instability. Convection across the
    northern portion may persist in multiple rounds through the period
    within the low-level warm conveyor attendant to a vigorous shortwave
    trough moving across the northern Great Plains into south-central
    Canada. Elevated convection across the southern portion should await
    until Sunday evening/night, as remnants of TC Priscilla approach.
    The latter will also support isolated to scattered surface-based
    thunderstorms, peaking in the afternoon across the Southwest. Across
    all regimes, weak instability and/or buoyancy preclude severe
    highlights for this cycle.

    ..Grams.. 10/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 11 07:14:20 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 110714
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CDT Sat Oct 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe threat is not expected across the U.S. Monday and Monday
    night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level ridge is forecast to build over the Mississippi Valley
    on Monday, as a mid-level low pressure system moves southward across
    the far eastern Pacific, just offshore from the West Coast.
    Cyclonic southwesterly flow will in place across much of the western
    U.S. Isolated thunderstorms will be possible on Monday from far
    southwest Oregon southward along the coast of northern and central
    California. Thunderstorms will also be possible along and ahead of a
    cold front from the southern Rockies and southern Plains into the
    mid Missouri Valley. Additional storms could form along parts of the
    Eastern Seaboard. Instability across the continental U.S. is
    expected to be insufficient for severe storms Monday and Monday
    night.

    ..Broyles.. 10/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 11 19:20:52 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 111920
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 PM CDT Sat Oct 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not yet forecast on Monday.

    ...Southwest...
    A mid/upper low will move south along the OR to the northern CA
    coast through the period. A broadening swath of 50+ kt 500-mb
    southwesterlies to westerlies will overspread much of southern CA to
    the eastern Great Basin and CO Plateau. Primary area of concern for
    a potential level 1-MRGL risk in later outlooks is from the Four
    Corners vicinity southward across eastern AZ to southern NM, where
    the strengthening deep-layer flow regime would support lower-end
    mid-level updraft rotation. But mid-level lapse rates appear likely
    to remain weak, limiting MLCAPE. Depending on mesoscale details
    related to the degree of diabatic surface heating, in the wake of
    lingering overnight/morning clouds/rain, a corridor or two of
    low-end severe highlights may become warranted.

    ...CA...
    Guidance consensus indicate an intense mid-level jetlet should
    impinge on the southern CA coast Monday night, to the south of the aforementioned northern CA low. This would foster a conditionally
    favorable deep-layer wind profile for updraft rotation. However,
    mid-level temperatures should remain warm enough to maintain shallow
    convection where hodographs would be enlarged within the low-level
    warm conveyor. Isolated, general thunderstorms should be confined
    farther north where mid-level lapse rates are much steeper, and
    meager buoyancy can still be maintained.

    ..Grams.. 10/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 18 07:29:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 180729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Sat Oct 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are unlikely Monday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    The upper trough over the Northeast US is expected to mature and
    transition into a closed low as a powerful mid-level jet streak
    ejects over the Northeast Monday. A second strong trough will also
    intensify over the Upper Midwest, deepening a broad surface cyclone
    across the Great Lakes. To the east, a secondary surface cyclone
    will develop over the western St. Lawrence Valley at the apex of the
    surging cold front before merging with the broader low farther west.
    As the lows deepen and the front moves quickly eastward across the
    Atlantic Coast and across FL, southerly winds will transport a
    modestly moist air mass (low 50s F surface dewpoints) northward
    across southern New England.

    One or two damaging gusts remain possible ahead of the rapidly
    moving cold front over parts of southern New England early Monday.
    Confined to a narrow warm sector with modest moisture but strong
    low-level winds, a shallow convective band along the front may be
    capable of sporadic damaging gusts before the front moves offshore
    by early afternoon. The primary limiting factor remains the degree
    of destabilization ahead of the shallow convective band. Current
    guidance shows little insatiability and poor lapse rates suggesting
    very limited severe potential.

    ..Lyons.. 10/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 18 19:19:02 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 181918
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181917

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 PM CDT Sat Oct 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are unlikely Monday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough over the Mid-Atlantic will lift northeast across New
    England on Monday. Further west, another upper trough over the
    Rockies will develop east across the Plains to the MS Valley.
    Surface high pressure will be centered over the Southeast behind a
    prior cold frontal passage. Surface cyclogenesis is forecast across
    the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes vicinity with the approach of the
    upper trough. This will result in some increased south/southwesterly
    low-level flow ahead of a surface cold front sweeping southeast
    across the Plains to the Upper Midwest, but Gulf moisture return
    will remain scant. This will preclude much destabilization, but
    cooling aloft may be sufficient for isolated lightning flashes
    across parts of the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes.

    Additional thunderstorms are possible across New England as a
    surface low occludes/weakens and lifts northeast into Quebec.
    Low-topped convection within the warm conveyor ahead of a surface
    front may produce isolated lightning flashes through the daytime.
    The surface front will arc southwest offshore from the
    Mid-Atlantic/Southeast coast into northern/central FL. Isolated
    thunderstorms will be possible across the southern FL Peninsula amid moist/weakly unstable boundary-layer. Weak vertical shear and drying
    aloft will preclude severe potential.

    ..Leitman.. 10/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 25 07:20:57 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 250720
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Sat Oct 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe potential is low Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough moving eastward over the Gulf Coast is forecast to
    weaken Monday as a second upstream trough and northwesterly jet
    strengthen over the Plains. To the east, a broad mid-level low will
    deepen over New England as troughing consolidates across the eastern
    US. This will favor a strong and mostly zonal northwesterly flow
    regime over the central and western US. A weak surface low along a
    stalled front across the northeast Gulf Coast will begin moving
    southward in response to the increased northwesterly flow aloft.
    This will drag the front southward through the day and eventually
    offshore overnight into Tuesday.

    ...Southern GA into Fl...
    Widespread stratiform precipitation and isolated thunderstorms are
    likely to be ongoing north of the front early Monday, limiting
    diurnal destabilization and reinforcing the southward motion of the
    front. While additional elevated storms are possible through the
    afternoon with increased isentropic ascent, the increasingly muted
    buoyancy suggests little if any severe risk with this elevated
    convection.

    An isolated stronger storm capable of damaging gusts remains
    possible across the northern FL Peninsula where enhanced westerly
    flow aloft will overspread weak to moderate buoyancy amid typically
    moist surface conditions. However, poor mid-level lapse rates
    (around 6-6.5 C/km), limited forcing for ascent and eventual
    undercutting by the sagging cold front lends low confidence in any
    sustained severe risk Monday.

    ..Lyons.. 10/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 25 19:32:01 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 251931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Sat Oct 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are expected over parts of the Southeast on Monday,
    with minimal severe storm risk.

    ...Discussion...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough will continue eastward across the
    Southeast on Monday, with a weak surface low moving from the
    northeast Gulf across northern FL. Along and south of the boundary,
    a moist and marginally unstable air mass will remain with perhaps
    1000-1500 J/kg MUCAPE during the day. Although strong high level
    winds will exist with this wave, winds below 700 mb are forecast to
    be weak. Elevated storms are likely north of boundary early, with
    scattered daytime storms across the FL Peninsula. Marginal
    deep-layer shear and lapse rates suggest minimal severe risk, but
    perhaps a few strong gusts may occur during the afternoon.

    Elsewhere, an upper trough amplification will occur late in the
    period across the High Plains, with an intense speed max and cooling
    aloft into the central Plains. Despite minimal low-level moisture,
    lift along a developing cold front and cold midlevel temperatures
    will favor a few thunderstorms late. Small hail cannot be ruled out
    due to such cold profiles aloft.

    ..Jewell.. 10/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 1 19:09:35 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 011909
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011908

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0208 PM CDT Sat Nov 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe threat is expected across the continental U.S. on Monday
    and Monday night.

    ... Discussion ...

    As a midlevel low exits the Southeast United States on Monday, two
    distinct regions may exist for thunderstorm develop early in the
    day. The first is across far eastern North Carolina where strong
    ascent within the warm-conveyor belt to the northwest of a coastal
    low may produce a few lightning strikes over the US before the low
    moves farther offshore.

    The second potential area will stretch from northeast Florida into
    far southeast South Carolina where weak instability may develop
    beneath the midlevel low. This thunderstorm potential is conditional
    on the exact track/timing of the midlevel low. Global
    models/ensembles hint at a slower, more southerly track of the low
    allowing for the development of the aforementioned weak instability
    and an attendant threat for a thunderstorm or two. The NAM, however,
    is faster/farther north with the midlevel low, resulting in drier
    low levels, little-to-any instability, and a drier forecast. Given
    the general agreement with the current runs of the global
    models/ensembles, will maintain the ongoing thunderstorm areas here,
    although will bring them slightly farther north.

    ..Marsh.. 11/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 2 07:24:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 020724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0123 AM CST Sun Nov 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe threat is expected across the U.S. Tuesday and Tuesday
    night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    At mid-levels, zonal flow will setup across the central U.S. on
    Tuesday, as a high pressure area remains anchored over the western
    and northern Gulf of America. At the surface, a dry and cool airmass
    will be located across much of the nation. For this reason, no
    thunderstorms are expected across the continental U.S. on Tuesday
    and Tuesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 11/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 2 19:18:41 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 021918
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 021917

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0117 PM CST Sun Nov 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm and severe potential are low Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad troughing over the eastern US is forecast to weaken and shift
    into the Atlantic Tuesday ahead of a deepening Pacific trough
    approaching the West Coast early Wednesday. Persistent ridging over
    the Southwest will favor strong but largely zonal mid-level flow
    over much of the central CONUS.

    A dry and cool airmass is expected with surface high pressure over
    the Southwest and Southeastern US the primary feature. As a result,
    large-scale subsidence and continued dry offshore flow will suppress
    buoyancy and thunderstorm development over much of the country. The
    only exception to this may be near the OR/northern CA Coasts into
    early Wednesday morning. Here, cool mid-level temperatures and
    onshore flow could support a sporadic thunderstorm in the early
    morning hours ahead of a strong cold front expected to move onshore
    Wednesday.

    ..Lyons.. 11/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 9 06:57:00 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 090656
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090655

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CST Sun Nov 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Tuesday or Tuesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Conditions will be too dry/stable for lightning-producing convection
    across the CONUS through the period. Isolated thunderstorms are
    possible over the shelf waters east of the Mid-Atlantic coast, as
    the mid-level cold core of the amplified eastern trough overspreads
    the northern periphery of the Gulf Stream.

    ..Grams.. 11/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 9 18:55:34 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 091855
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091854

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1254 PM CST Sun Nov 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Tuesday or Tuesday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    Thunderstorm potential still appears very low on Tuesday, due to
    generally dry/stable conditions across the CONUS. Shallow convective
    snow bands will remain possible near and downstream of the Lower
    Great Lakes, but lightning potential appears very limited. Offshore,
    isolated storms will be possible off of the Mid Atlantic coast, as
    cold midlevel temperatures (associated with the departing
    upper-level trough) continue to overspread the northern periphery of
    the Gulf Stream.

    ..Dean.. 11/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 16 08:31:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 160831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CST Sun Nov 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across parts of the Mississippi and Ohio
    Valleys during the day on Tuesday, and also possible across parts of
    the southern Plains, mainly during the evening and overnight. A few
    strong storms are possible, but severe potential appears relatively
    low at this time.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level low and attendant deep trough are forecast to move
    slowly eastward across the Southwest on Tuesday. Farther east, a
    low-amplitude midlevel shortwave trough will move quickly
    east-southeastward from the Midwest toward the Mid Atlantic. A
    surface low initially over the east-central Plains is forecast to
    move eastward and weaken, as a trailing cold front stalls over parts
    of the Ozarks and southern Plains, before returning northward as a
    warm front late in the period.

    ...Southern Plains into parts of the OH/TN Valleys...
    Elevated convection will likely be ongoing Tuesday morning across
    parts of the mid MS and OH Valleys, which will tend to spread
    eastward toward the TN Valley and parts of the Appalachians.
    Uncertainties regarding the magnitude of elevated buoyancy will
    continue into early D3/Tuesday from D2/Monday, but a few strong
    storms capable of small to near-severe hail cannot be ruled out
    before the low-level warm-advection regime begins to weaken and
    convection moves into a more stable environment.

    Later in the day into Tuesday night, seasonably rich boundary-layer
    moisture will stream northward into a larger portion of OK and west
    TX, as the initial weak surface boundary effectively becomes a warm
    front. Moderate buoyancy and favorable deep-layer shear will be
    conditionally supportive of organized convection, though most
    guidance currently suggests that stronger large-scale ascent
    associated with the approaching trough across the Southwest will
    remain west of the expanding buoyancy reservoir through the end of
    the period.

    Very isolated storm development cannot be ruled out near the front
    during the afternoon and evening, though any such development may
    struggle to intensify in the absence of stronger forcing. A somewhat
    greater chance for robust (though likely somewhat elevated) storm
    development may evolve late in the period across parts of west TX
    into southwest OK, in response to a modestly strengthening low-level
    jet. The 16/00Z GFS/RRFS are currently the most aggressive regarding
    storm development prior to 12Z Wednesday morning, but if other
    guidance trends in that direction, then severe probabilities may
    eventually be needed.

    ..Dean.. 11/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 16 19:13:53 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 161913
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161912

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0112 PM CST Sun Nov 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across parts of the Mississippi and Ohio
    Valleys during the day on Tuesday, and also possible across parts of
    the southern Plains, mainly during the evening and overnight. A few
    strong storms are possible, but severe potential appears relatively
    low at this time.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move from the Midwest to the
    Mid-Atlantic on Tuesday. Mid-level ridging will build into the
    central CONUS ahead of a larger trough pivoting across southern
    California and the Southwest. A frontal zone will persist from the
    Ohio Valley to north Texas with low to mid 60s dewpoints to the
    south of the front.

    ...Lower Ohio Valley...
    Elevated thunderstorms with small hail may be ongoing at the
    beginning of the period across the Lower Ohio Valley, on the nose of
    the low-level jet. A few strong storms may continue through the
    morning, but should wane by the afternoon as the low-level jet
    continues to veer/weaken and the thunderstorm activity moves east of
    the better instability axis. While some surface based instability is
    forecast along the frontal zone during the afternoon, subsidence in
    the wake of the morning activity should suppress any additional
    surface based thunderstorm activity.

    Tuesday night, thunderstorms may develop along the frontal zone in
    the southern Plains as modest enhancement of the low-level jet
    occurs ahead of the next trough. However, storm coverage appears
    isolated at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 11/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 17 07:39:57 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 170739
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170738

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0138 AM CST Mon Nov 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across parts of the Southwest into the
    southern Plains vicinity Wednesday into early Thursday.

    ...Southern Plains...

    An upper trough is expected to be oriented from the western Great
    Basin toward southern CA/northern Baja Wednesday morning, and track
    slowly eastward toward the Four Corners/southern Rockies by Thursday
    morning. Forecast guidance has trended slowly with the eastward
    ejection of the upper trough. As a result, stronger southwesterly
    flow, and a strengthening low-level jet are not expected to develop
    over portions of the southern Rockies into OK/TX until after 00-06z.
    This will also delay any stronger forcing for ascent until late in
    the forecast period.

    At the surface, southerly low-level flow will transport Gulf
    moisture northward across TX/OK and the south-central states.
    Forecast soundings suggest capping in the 850-700 mb layer will
    persist for much of the diurnal period. Given nebulous forcing,
    outside of persistent, modest warm advection, it is unclear if/how
    much convection may develop across the warm sector during the day.
    The 00z RRFS suggests elevated convection may develop near the
    moisture gradient/surface trough across west-central TX and toward
    the Red River in southwest OK by late afternoon. While vertical
    shear would support at least loosely organized convection, low to
    midlevel flow will be somewhat weak, and elevated instability modest
    (generally less than 1000 J/kg). Later in the period (after 06z),
    large-scale ascent will increase and a modest southerly low-level
    jet should intensify as the upper trough approaches NM. Additional
    convection may develop late Wednesday night into early Thursday
    morning amid a stronger mass response.

    Some risk for marginal hail could accompany stronger convection.
    However, confidence is low regarding coverage, intensity and timing
    of any more organized/stronger storm development, especially given
    the trend toward a more slowly/later ejecting trough. Will hold off
    introducing severe probabilities at this time, but probs could
    become necessary with later updates.

    ..Leitman.. 11/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 12 07:25:27 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 120725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Sun Oct 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms with marginally severe wind gusts and hail will be
    possible on Tuesday from mid afternoon into early evening across
    parts of New Mexico.

    ...New Mexico...
    At mid-levels, a ridge will remain over the central U.S., as a low
    moves eastward into the Intermountain West. Between these two
    features, southwest flow will be in place from the Desert Southwest northeastward into the central and northern High Plains. At the
    surface, a moist airmass will be located from the southern Plains
    westward into the southern Rockies, where dewpoints are forecast to
    be mostly in the 50s F. As surface heating takes place on Tuesday,
    an axis of instability will develop over central New Mexico by
    afternoon. Convection is expected to initiate in the higher terrain
    by early afternoon, with scattered thunderstorms moving
    northeastward into the lower elevations during the mid to late
    afternoon. According to forecast soundings, MLCAPE is forecast to
    reach the 1000 to 1200 J/kg range along the instability axis, with
    0-3 km lapse rates peaking near 7.5 C/km. This could support a
    threat for marginally severe wind gusts. Hail could also occur in
    the stronger thunderstorm cores.

    ..Broyles.. 10/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 12 19:25:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 121925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 PM CDT Sun Oct 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN NM AND
    SOUTHERN CA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated, marginal severe thunderstorms are possible across a
    portion of southern California on Tuesday morning to midday, and New
    Mexico from mid-afternoon to mid-evening.

    ...Southern CA...
    A low-topped convective band may be ongoing at 12Z Tuesday in the
    central-south CA coastal area near/northwest of the Los Angeles
    Basin. Most guidance suggests a belt of strong 850-700 mb winds will
    persist through at least midday beneath an intense mid-level jetlet
    that shifts from southern CA into the southern Great Basin.
    Instability will be meager, to the south of the mid-level cold core
    across central CA, amid weak mid-level lapse rates and rather
    limited insolation. But with some signal for convection accompanying
    the strong wind fields, a low-probability damaging wind and brief
    waterspout to tornado threat appears warranted.

    ...NM...
    Similar to prior days, weak mid-level lapse rates will remain a
    limiting factor to updraft vigor. Nevertheless, a belt of moderately
    enhanced mid-level south-southwesterlies will persist between the CA
    cyclone and east TX anticyclone. Guidance differs on the degree of boundary-layer heating Tuesday across NM, but generally agree that
    modest buoyancy should develop over south-central/southwest NM.
    Scattered thunderstorms should peak during the latter half of the
    afternoon from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains to the higher terrain
    of northern Chihuahua. This southern activity may spread
    north-northeast into south-central NM during the evening. An
    isolated and marginal severe hail/wind threat remains possible.

    ..Grams.. 10/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 26 07:28:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 260728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Sun Oct 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe potential is low Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong upper trough over the central Plains is forecast to
    intensify as a powerful mid-level speed max approaches from the
    northwest. The trough will deepen and move eastward, settling over
    the mid MS Valley as it merges with a broader low over the eastern
    US. In response to the deepening trough, an elongated surface low
    will develop along a strong cold front as it begins to surge south
    over the southern Plains. Ahead of the front, a secondary surface
    cyclone over the Red River will consolidate and deepen as it matures
    across the mid MS Valley.

    Southerly low-level flow ahead of the deepening surface cyclone may
    allow for some modest moisture return over parts of the TX South
    Plains early Tuesday. However, in the wake of the earlier frontal
    passage, moisture depth is likely to be limited. Weak buoyancy may
    develop along the front as the upper trough and cool mid-level
    temperatures overlap the modestly moist air mass. While isolated
    storms are possible along the front over southern TX, rapid
    undercutting and limited buoyancy suggests little if any severe
    risk. Otherwise, isolated thunderstorms are possible ahead of the
    cold front over parts of FL and the Outer Banks. The limited overlap
    of favorable buoyancy and shear will again support little if any
    severe risk through early Wednesday.

    ..Lyons.. 10/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 26 19:27:13 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 261927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Sun Oct 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe potential is low Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Tuesday, an intense speed max will dive into the Plains, with a
    deepening upper low moving from the central Plains at 00Z into the
    lower MS Valley into Wednesday morning. At the surface, a cold front
    will surge southward across the Plains, nearing the TX Coast by 00Z.
    Southerly winds ahead of this front will briefly result in a moist
    and unstable air mass over parts of eastern TX during the day.
    However, forecast boundary layer moisture profiles will be shallow
    over much of the warm sector, except perhaps during the afternoon
    across southeast TX.

    As such, the greatest chance of thunderstorms will be during the
    late afternoon toward the TX Coast, prior to the front moving
    offshore. Forecast soundings indicate generally poor midlevel lapse
    rates, and substantial dry air aloft, which may temper storm
    severity. Otherwise, elevated instability may develop across parts
    of LA, AR, and MS, with scattered non-severe thunderstorms possible.

    Elsewhere, elevated instability may remain over eastern NC as a
    weakening upper wave moves over the area, with moist easterly winds
    wrapping moisture westward north of an offshore surface low.

    ..Jewell.. 10/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 27 07:29:18 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 270729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Mon Oct 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are unlikely Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep upper low over the central US will continue to intensify
    before merging with a broader trough over the eastern US Wednesday
    and Wednesday night. A surface low over the Mid South will deepen
    and move toward the Atlantic Coast as a strong cold front continues
    to push offshore through the Gulf and Southeast. High pressure will
    develop within the post-frontal air mass supporting widespread
    offshore flow and drier conditions across much of the CONUS.

    The only exception will be across far south FL and the immediate Mid
    Atlantic coast where remaining southerly winds will support modest
    surface moisture for part of the day. However, the relatively
    shallow nature of the moisture and mid-level drying/subsidence
    southeast of the jet max will overspread the area ahead of the
    advancing front. This should limit thunderstorm potential before the
    cold front scours the remaining moisture offshore. Thus,
    thunderstorm chances currently appear to be below 10% over the
    CONUS.

    ..Lyons.. 10/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 18 19:23:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 181922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0121 PM CST Tue Nov 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are possible across the southern Plains on
    Thursday. Severe thunderstorm potential appears limited at this
    time. Isolated thunderstorms may extend into the Ohio and Tennessee
    Valleys as well, though this activity is not expected to be severe.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad upper-level troughing will prevail across the western U.S.
    through the day, with a low-level warm-air advection regime
    persisting across the Southern Plains into the TN Valley on
    Thursday. Two embedded mid-level shortwave troughs are poised to
    pivot around the broader upper trough Thursday afternoon into the
    overnight period. The first mid-level shortwave trough will eject
    into the southern Plains/Lower MS Valley region and de-amplify while
    the second shortwave trough attempts to evolve into a cut-off low
    over southern CA. The passage of the first trough over the southern
    Plains will encourage weak surface low development around the KS/OK
    border during the second half of the period. A broad fetch of
    moisture will be maintained within the warm-air advection regime, so
    any upper support overspreading the moist axis across the southern
    Plains into the TN Valley will support continued scattered
    thunderstorm development.

    The de-amplification of the passing mid-level impulse will encourage
    deep-layer veering of the low to mid-level wind fields across the
    southern Plains. While scattered thunderstorms and more widespread showers/cloudiness will be ongoing Thursday morning, the deep-layer
    veered flow may aid in persistent training showers and thunderstorms
    within the warm-air advection regime. The best chance for training thunderstorms will be from central TX into OK Thursday afternoon
    into the evening hours. Given reduced boundary-layer buoyancy with
    the training storms, severe potential still appears nebulous. Some
    guidance suggests that stronger storms (perhaps accompanied by an
    isolated severe threat) may develop across parts of central TX late
    Thursday afternoon. However, deep-layer ascent will glance this
    region to the north, with forecast soundings showing appreciable
    mid-level warming over central TX, so no severe probabilities have
    been introduced at this time.

    ..Squitieri.. 11/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 19 08:03:05 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 190803
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190801

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0201 AM CST Wed Nov 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected from the Texas coast into the
    Tennessee Valley and central/southern Appalachians on Friday. Severe thunderstorm potential appears limited.

    ...Texas Coast to the Mid-South/TN Valley vicinity...

    A shortwave upper trough will develop east from the southern Plains
    to the central Appalachians vicinity on Friday. A belt of enhanced
    westerly flow associated with this feature will overspread the
    Mid-South and TN Valley vicinity. At the surface, a cold front will
    develop southeast across east TX and the Mid-MS/Lower OH Valleys.
    Forecast guidance varies with the progression of the front, but the
    expectation is for the boundary to extend from the central
    Appalachians west/southwest to the TX coast by Saturday morning.

    Convection will likely be ongoing Friday morning across east TX
    along the cold front, and across portions of the Mid-South vicinity
    within a warm advection regime. While boundary layer moisture will
    be greater than normal for this time of year, boundary-parallel flow
    will likely result in training convection, limiting stronger
    destabilization. Furthermore, widespread cloudiness, poor lapse
    rates and areas of precipitation downstream from the surface
    boundary will further limit destabilization. While a couple of
    strong storms cannot be entirely ruled out across parts of the
    Mid-South and TN Valley, overall severe potential appears limited. A
    strong storm or two also could occur across southeast TX near the
    cold front, but weak large-scale ascent, modest vertical shear, and
    warm midlevel temperatures should temper severe potential.

    ..Leitman.. 11/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 19 19:13:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 191913
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191912

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0112 PM CST Wed Nov 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected from the Texas coast into the
    Tennessee Valley and central/southern Appalachians on Friday. Severe thunderstorms are not expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude mid-level trough will overspread the TN Valley as an
    upper-low becomes established over CA on Day 3/Friday. Cooler
    temperatures aloft associated with the CA low will support a few
    lightning flashes, mainly offshore. Across the TN Valley, the
    passage of the low-amplitude mid-level trough will encourage the
    eastward translation of a weak surface low along the OH River toward
    the Appalachians through the Friday period. A broad fetch of
    low-level moisture will advect northward toward the OH River has a
    cold front slowly approaches from the Ozarks (draped southwestward
    into eastern TX). The warm sector south of the warm front along the
    OH River, and ahead of the cold front east of the Ozarks, should be
    adequately buoyant to support isolated to scattered thunderstorm
    development through the day Friday into Friday evening.

    Nonetheless, the aforementioned mid-level trough should further
    de-amplify through Friday, with forcing for ascent expected to
    weaken as low-level flow heavily veers with time. Furthermore, the
    mainly unidirectional vertical wind shear will become increasingly
    displaced from the richer low-level moisture and associated
    buoyancy, limiting severe potential across the OH Valley and points
    south/west.

    ..Squitieri.. 11/19/2025

    $$

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